Method and system for analyzing financial data to determine the cost of fraud

ABSTRACT

A system for analyzing financial data to determine the cost of fraud related to financial presentation devices that are presentable to providers of goods or services is provided. A fraud assessment module executable by a processor receives sales data and operating cost data both related to financial presentation devices and determines a direct fraud loss and fraud operating cost based on the received data.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. Section 119(e) to U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/938,897, filed May 18, 2007, whichis incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a data processing system and moreparticularly to a system for determining cost of fraud data related tofinancial presentation devices.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, in a payment card transaction business involving merchants,acquirers and issuers, each processing entity may calculate the cost forfraudulent use of cards (some times known as cost of payments fraud) assimply the cost of fraud directly related to losses absorbed by theentity, i.e., net chargeoff absorbed by the entity. For example, anissuer calculates the cost of fraud as the amount of consumer fraudincurred and recorded as fraud losses by the issuers. An acquirer maycalculate the cost of fraud as the fraud losses absorbed by the acquirerwhich have been charged back from an issuer.

However, because the “true” cost of fraud is not well understood by theprocessing members, the actual cost of fraud may be substantially higherthan those being calculated by the stakeholders. For example, the costsassociated with handling fraud related chargebacks, and risk managementfunctions may be disregarded. Overall, the industry suffers opportunitycosts related to lost card usage resulting from declined activity orcustomers using other payment channels to avoid real or perceivedsecurity concerns related to electronic payments fraud.

Additionally, accounting policy and expense classification differencesexist among the processing entities for financial reporting. Thesedifferences among the processing entities make comparison of eachentity's business performance with the industry standard difficult.Because of this lack of consistent comparison, many entities may nothave the tools to make better investment decisions for improving partsof the business such as minimizing the cost for fraudulent use of cards.

Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a system and method foranalyzing and determining all cost associated with fraudulent use ofcards for each processing entity. Such a tool will enable informed fraudrisk management business decisions. Risk and product managers can usethe framework to develop and justify new business strategies, enhancedoperating processes, and improved fraud control of solutions, productsand services.

In addition, it would be desirable to provide a system and method foranalyzing and determining a standard industry-wide benchmark/referencefor cost of fraud associated with fraudulent use of cards for use byeach participating entity. Such standard benchmark for cost of fraud canbe used by the risk and product managers as a reference to evaluatetheir own costs for fraud to help optimize investment decisions.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

According to one aspect of the present invention, a system for analyzingfinancial data to determine the cost of fraud related to financialpresentation devices that are presentable to providers of goods orservices is provided. A fraud assessment module executable by aprocessor of the system receives financial data related to financialpresentation devices, determines a direct fraud loss and fraud operatingcost, and generates a report based on the determination.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method foranalyzing financial data to determine the cost of fraud related tofinancial presentation devices is also provided. The method stepsinclude receiving sales data and operating cost data both related tofinancial presentation devices, determining a cost of fraud andgenerating a report based on the determination.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a process flow for determining the cost of fraudrelated to card transactions.

FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a computer system that stores andexecutes an assessment management software module.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method of assessing total cost of fraud thatincludes an issuer portion, an acquirer portion, and a merchant portion.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the Issuer Inputs for theassessment management system.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing Acquirer Inputs for the assessmentmanagement system.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the Merchant Inputs for the assessmentmanagement system.

FIG. 7A illustrates a top portion of a summary of inputs for the issuerto be entered into the assessment management system.

FIG. 7B illustrates a bottom portion of the summary of inputs for theissuer to be entered into the assessment management system as partlyillustrated in FIG. 7A.

FIG. 7C illustrates a top portion of a summary of inputs for theacquirer to be entered into the assessment management system.

FIG. 7D illustrates a bottom portion of the summary of inputs for theacquirer to be entered into the assessment management system as partlyillustrated in FIG. 7C.

FIG. 7E illustrates a top portion of a summary of inputs for themerchant to be entered into the assessment management system.

FIG. 7F illustrates a bottom portion of the summary of inputs for themerchant to be entered into the assessment management system as partlyillustrated in FIG. 7E.

FIG. 8A is a block diagram showing the breakdown of various componentsof the total cost of fraud for an issuer.

FIG. 8B is a block diagram showing the breakdown of various componentsof the total cost of fraud for an acquirer.

FIG. 8C is a block diagram showing the breakdown of various componentsof the total cost of fraud for a merchant.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example fraud report showing the allocated costsfor the various components of the total cost of fraud for an issuer.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the opportunity cost attributed to cardissuer.

FIG. 11A illustrates a top portion of an Issuer Data Allocation summaryfor the issuer inputs of FIG. 4.

FIG. 11B illustrates a bottom portion of the Issuer Data Allocationsummary as partly illustrated in FIG. 11A.

FIG. 12A illustrates a top portion of an Acquirer Data Allocationsummary for the acquirer inputs of FIG. 5.

FIG. 12B illustrates a bottom portion of the Acquirer Data Allocationsummary as partly illustrated in FIG. 12A.

FIG. 13 illustrates a Merchant Data Allocation summary for the merchantinputs of FIG. 6.

FIG. 14A illustrates a top portion of an example of performance measureslist related to issuer with a respective formula for each performancemeasure.

FIG. 14B illustrates a bottom portion of the example of performancemeasures list as partly illustrated in FIG. 14A.

FIG. 14C illustrates a top portion of an example of performance measureslist related to acquirer with a respective formula for each performancemeasure in relation to acquirer.

FIG. 14D illustrates a bottom portion of the example of performancemeasures list as partly illustrated in FIG. 14C.

FIG. 14E illustrates a top portion of an example of performance measureslist related to merchant with a respective formula for each performancemeasure in relation to merchant.

FIG. 14F illustrates a bottom portion of the example of performancemeasures list as partly illustrated in FIG. 14E.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example total cost of fraud summary for the cardissuer, acquirer, and merchant.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example management report that graphicallyrepresents the total cost of fraud along with all its components.

FIG. 17 illustrates a reference total cost of fraud summary for the cardissuer, acquirer, and merchant for use as benchmark data.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

For purposes of illustration and clarity, the assessment managementfeature of the present invention will be discussed in the context of thecost of fraud related to credit or debit cards. However, persons ofordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the novel featuresdisclosed herein apply to the cost of fraud related to any financialpresentation device that can be presented to a seller of goods orservices for payment, including but not limited to, credit cards, debitcards, prepaid cards, electronic benefit cards, charge cards, virtualcards, smart cards, key chain devices, personal digital assistants, cellphones, stored value devices. In addition, the features disclosed hereinapply to the cost of fraud related to any channel of paymenttransactions, including but not limited to, face-to-face, card notpresent, Internet, electronic commerce, recurring, and mobile paymenttransaction.

FIG. 1 illustrates a process flow for determining the cost of fraudrelated to card transactions and shows all of the entities involved in atypical card transaction. A user 12 purchases an item at a merchant 14using a credit card. The merchant 14 sends a transaction approvalrequest to its acquirer 16. The acquirer forwards the request to atransaction facilitator 18 such as Visa. The facilitator 18 then sendsthe request to an issuer 20. The issuer 20 determines whether to approvethe transaction request or not and returns a reply message to thefacilitator 18. The facilitator 18 forwards the reply message to themerchant 14 through the acquirer 16.

According to the invention, an assessment module 34 (see FIG. 2) isaccessed by or provided to merchants 14, acquirers 16, or issuers 20.Each entity, in turn, inputs the information required in the inputscreen 11 of the assessment module 34. In one embodiment, the assessmentmodule includes an electronic spreadsheet, such as a Microsoft Excelspreadsheet, that contains all of the input prompts, assumptions,allocation calculations and reporting functions as will be described inmore detail later herein.

The assessment module 34 then determines the total cost of fraud andother reports for each entity 14, 16, 20 that enters the input data.

In some cases, a business may have more than one perspective such as anacquirer and issuer. In that case, the business entity enters all of therequired input data for both the acquirer and issuer portion. Theassessment module 34 then generates a report as an acquirer, a report asan issuer and a combined report that contains total fraud costallocations as a combined entity.

An exemplary fraud assessment management system 10 for assessing thetotal cost of fraud is shown in FIG. 2. The fraud assessment managementsystem 10 of the present invention receives inputs relating to eachentity described above and allocates the cost of fraud from the receivedinputs to generate the total fraud cost for each entity.

The assessment management system 10 is configured to receive inputsthrough an I/O interface 28. The assessment management system 10 of FIG.2 includes data memory 30, processor (CPU) 26 and program memory 32, allcommonly connected to each other through a bus 36. The program memory 32stores, among others, an assessment module or program 34. The softwareprogram modules in the program memory 32 are transferred to the datamemory 30 as needed and is executed by the CPU 26.

The assessment management system 10 can be any computer such as apersonal computer, minicomputer workstation, a mainframe, or acombination thereof. The system 10 can be located at the transactionfacilitator 18 with each entity accessing the system through a computernetwork such as the Internet. Alternatively, it can be located at theindividual processing entity with the assessment module 34 beingprovided by the transaction facilitator 18 to be executed at eachentity.

A method of assessing a total cost of fraud will now be described withreference to FIG. 3.

An organization such as an issuer typically designates a project team toassess the total cost of fraud incurred by that organization. Theproject team collects the necessary data in step 42 that are used toarrive at the final result. The collected data is then entered into theassessment module 34 in step 43.

The assessment module 34 determines whether issuer inputs were receivedin decision 46. If so, then control passes to step 48 which allocatesthe issuer's direct fraud loss. The direct fraud loss includes the costof fraud directly related to losses absorbed by the entity, i.e., netchargeoff absorbed by the entity. Further, the assessment module 34allocates the issuer's fraud operating costs in step 50. The fraudoperating cost includes operating expenses associated with activities ofprevention, detection, investigation and recovery of fraud lossassociated with the financial presentation devices. In step 52, theassessment module 34 also allocates the issuer's opportunity cost. Theopportunity cost includes lost revenue opportunities as a result offraud-related activities. By these steps, the assessment module hasdetermined the total cost of fraud by including not only the directfraud losses, but operating costs and opportunity costs for issuer,which were ignored in the past.

In decision 54, the assessment module 34 determines whether acquirerinputs were received. If so, then control passes to step 56 whichallocates the acquirer's direct fraud losses. Further, the assessmentmodule 34 allocates the acquirer's operating costs in step 58. In step60, the assessment module 34 also allocates the acquirer's opportunitycosts. By these steps, the assessment module has determined the totalcost of fraud by including not only the direct fraud losses, butoperating costs and opportunity costs for acquirer, which were ignoredin the past.

In decision 62, the assessment module 34 determines whether merchantinputs were received. If so, then control passes to step 64 whichallocates the merchant's direct fraud losses. Further, the assessmentmodule 34 allocates the merchant's operating costs in step 66. In step68, the assessment module 34 also allocates the merchant's opportunitycosts. By these steps, the assessment module has determined the totalcost of fraud by including not only the direct fraud losses, butoperating costs and opportunity costs for merchant, which were ignoredin the past.

After having allocated the fraud losses, operating costs, and theopportunity costs for each entity, the assessment module 34, in step 70,generates the total cost of fraud. In step 72, based on the allocationof fraud costs, the assessment module 34 is capable of generatingvarious reports as will be discussed in more detail below.

Having described the method of assessing the total cost of fraud, thedetails of the inputs for each entity will now be described withreference to FIGS. 4 to 7F.

As shown in FIG. 4, the Issuer Inputs 100 is comprised of three maincomponents: General Parameters 101, Sales Unit Data 102 and OperatingCost Data 104. As shall be clear below herein, the input data of thesecomponents drive the allocation of direct financial costs, operatingcosts, and opportunity costs associated with fraud. The input categoryis organized in general as follows: (1) General Parameters 101 with itsParameters category 103, (2) Sales Unit Data 102 which includes CardIssuance category 106 (e.g., total number of cards in issue), CardReplacement category 108 and Pin Delivery category 110, and (3)Operating Cost Data 104 which includes operating costs associated withthe following categories: Customer Service 112, Fraud Operations 114,Human Resources 116, Overhead 118, Systems and Services 120, andOperating Expense 122.

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 5, Acquirer Inputs 200 is comprised of threemain components, General Parameters 201, Sales Unit Data 202 andOperating Cost Data 204. The General Parameters 201 component includesParameters category 203. The Sales Unit Data 202 component for theAcquirer Inputs 200 includes Merchant Servicing 206 category. TheOperating Cost Data 204 component includes the following categories:Customer Service 212, Fraud Operations 214, Human Resources 216,Overhead 218, Systems and Services 220, and Operation Expense 222.

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 6, the Merchant Inputs 300 is also comprisedof three main components, General Parameters 301, the Sales Unit Data302 and the Operating Cost Data 304. The General Parameters 301component includes a Parameters 303 category. The Sales Unit Data 302component includes Card Servicing 306 category. The Operating Cost Data304 component includes the following categories: Customer Service 312,Fraud Operations 314, Human Resources 316, Overhead 318, Systems andServices 320, and Operation Expense 322.

The issuer perspective inputs of FIG. 4 will now be described in moredetail with reference to FIGS. 7A-7F. In one embodiment, the inputs areentered into an electronic spreadsheet which is part of the assessmentmodule 34.

Under the General Parameters 101 component, a user enters/inputs suchgeneral data as Label (to be used as a title of reports), period offinancial data, currency format of input, number of hours of a normalworkday, the number of days of a normal work week (typically 5 days),the number of weeks in a normal work year, and net pre-tax profit marginrate, e.g., (total revenue minus total expenses) divided by (total salesvolume plus cash volume).

As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, inputs related to the Sales Unit Data 102component are entered into the spreadsheet of the assessment module 34.Specifically, the user enters each data item in the input categories ofCard Issuance 106, Card Replacement 108 and Pin Delivery 110. Forexample, under the PIN Delivery category 110, the data items to beentered are: “Number of PINS Delivered”, “PIN Delivery Costs (perPIN)—Normal”, “PINs Delivered—Normal (%)”, “PIN Delivery Costs (perPIN)—Other” with “PINs Delivered—Other (%)” being calculatedautomatically. The definition for each data item to be entered into theSales Unit Data 102 component is listed below in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Input Item Definition Card Issuance Do accounts share Selectwhether the same card numbers are shared in accounts having common cardmore than one card. numbers? Number of Cards (avg) Enter the averagetotal cards in issue. This includes both primary and secondary cards.Number of Accounts Enter the average total accounts with cards in issue.This only includes (avg) the number of primary card accounts. Value ofPortfolio Net Enter the currency value of the average net salesgenerated by the Sales Volume (avg) - cards portfolio for purchasetransactions. Purchases Value of Portfolio Net Enter the currency valueof the average net cash disbursements Cash Volume (avg) generated by thecards portfolio for cash advance transactions. Annual Interest RateEnter the average interest rate charged/applied to user's organization'sCharged (avg) revolving credit card accounts. Interchange Fee Rate Enterthe average interchange fee (as a percent) collected for purchase (avg)transactions. Value of Sales Enter the currency value of the averageamount of a purchase Transaction (avg) transaction. Value of Sales Enterthe currency value of the average amount of a purchase Transaction -Fraud transaction by cardholders after being victimized by fraud. Ifthis figure Victim (avg) is not known, enter the same number as “Valueof Sales Transaction.” Value of Sales Enter the currency value of theaverage amount of a purchase Transaction -- transaction by cardholdersafter being victims of compromised Compromised Account accounts. If thisfigure is not known, enter the same number as “Value (avg) of SalesTransaction.” Number of Enter the average number of transactions (permonth, quarter, or year) Transactions Per carried out by cardholders.Cardholder (avg) Days to Balance Enter the average number of days ittakes for revolving customers to Payoff (avg) pay off their creditbalances. If no data is available, enter the maximum number of monthsallowed for repayment. Revolving Customers Enter the percentage ofcardholders with revolving credit balances on Rate (%) their accounts.Card Replacements Days to Card Enter the average number of days it takesfor replacement cards to be Replacement (avg) delivered to cardholdersonce fraud is reported or compromised accounts are identified. CardProduction Costs - Enter the currency value of the per-card embossingcosts for magnetic Mag Stripe (per stripe cards. This includes the costof plastic, stationary, card carrier, card) overhead of the embossingunit, etc. Magnetic Stripe Cards Enter the percentage of magneticstripe-based cards produced. (%) Card Production Costs - Enter thecurrency value of the per-card embossing costs for ICC/Chip- ICC (percard) based cards. This includes the cost of plastic, stationary, cardcarrier, overhead of the embossing unit, etc. ICC Cards (%) Calculatedautomatically based on percentage of magnetic stripe cards produced.Card Delivery Costs Enter the currency value of the normal per-cardshipping/mailing costs (per card) - Normal associated with deliveringnew cards to customers. This is usually what is paid to a third partyfor delivery. Fraud-related Card Enter the percentage of fraud-relatedcard replacements mailed using Delivery - Normal (%) the normal deliverymethod. If all fraud-related card replacements are mailed using aspecial delivery method, enter 0. Card Delivery Costs If specialdelivery methods are used to mail card replacements for fraud (percard) - cases, enter the currency value of the special/higher per-carddelivery Expedited costs. Fraud-related Card Calculated automaticallybased on percentage of cards mailed using Delivery - the normal deliverymethod. Expedited (%) Other Costs (per card) Enter the currency value ofany other known costs, aside from embossing and deliver costs,associated with user's organization's card replacement operations. PINDelivery Number of PINs Enter the total number of PINs delivered tocardholders Delivered PIN Delivery Costs Enter the currency value of thenormal per-PIN costs associated with (per PIN) - Normal delivering newPINs to customers. If user's organization's normal PIN delivery methodis through mail/courier, this is usually what is paid to a third-partyfor delivery. PINs Delivered - Enter the percentage of PINs deliveredusing the normal delivery Normal (%) method. PIN Delivery Costs Enterthe currency value of the per-PIN costs associated with delivering (perPIN) - Other new PINs to customers through special/other methods. PINsDelivered - Other Calculated automatically based on percentage of PINsmailed using (%) normal delivery method.

Similarly, under the Operating Cost Data 104 component, the definitionfor each data item to be entered into the categories of Customer Service112, Fraud Operations 114, Human Resources 116, Overhead 118, Systemsand Services 120, and Operating Expense 122 is listed below in Tables2-7.

TABLE 2 Customer Service Input Item Definition Inbound Call ReceivedCost Enter the currency value of the average per-unit cost of receivingand (avg unit cost) processing a Customer Service inquiry, includingcalls for Lost/Stolen, dispute handling (chargebacks), and accountactivity monitoring. Number of Inquiries per Enter the average number ofinquiries made by cardholders to Fraud Case (avg) Customer Service for atypical fraud case, including inquiries in support of dispute handling.Number of Inquiries per Enter the average number of inquiries made bycardholders to Compromised Account Customer Service for a typicalcompromised account, including (avg) inquiries in support of disputehandling. Outbound Call Cost - Cable (avg Enter the currency value ofthe average per-unit cost of placing an unit cost) outbound call tocardholders through cable/land based phone lines. Number of Calls perEnter the average number of cable/land-line outbound calls placed toFraud Case - Cable cardholders per fraud case reported, including callsin support of fraud (avg) investigations. Number of Calls per Enter theaverage number of cable/land-line outbound calls placed to CompromisedAccount - cardholders per compromised account, including calls insupport of Cable (avg) fraud investigations. Call Cost - Mobile (avgEnter the currency value of the average per-unit cost of placing an unitcost) outbound mobile call to cardholders Number of Calls per Enter theaverage number of mobile outbound calls placed to Fraud Case - Mobilecardholders per fraud case reported, including calls in support of fraud(avg) investigations. Number of Calls per Enter the average number ofmobile outbound calls placed to Compromised Account - cardholders percompromised account, including calls in support of Mobile (avg) fraudinvestigations. New Card Activation Activation Cost - IVR Enter theaverage per-unit cost of receiving and processing a (avg unit cost)cardholder request to activate a new card through Interactive VoiceResponse (IVR) systems. Cards Activated - IVR Enter the percentage ofnew card activation requests received through Method (%) InteractiveVoice Response (IVR) systems. Activation Cost - ATM Enter the averageper-unit cost of receiving and processing a (avg unit cost) cardholderrequest to activate a new card through automated teller machines (ATMs).Cards Activated - ATM Enter the percentage of new card activationrequests received through Method (%) automated teller machines (ATMs).Activation Cost - Letter Enter the average per-unit cost of receivingand processing a (avg unit cost) cardholder request to activate a newcard through physical/mail correspondence. Cards Activated - LetterEnter the percentage of new card activation requests received throughMethod (%) physical/mail correspondence. Activation Cost - Other Enterthe average per-unit cost of receiving and processing a (avg unit cost)cardholder request to activate a new card through other/alternativemethod. Cards Activated - Other Automatically calculated based onpercentage values entered for IVR, Method (%) ATM, and Letter cardactivation methods.

TABLE 3 Fraud Operations Input Item Definition Authorization Number ofDeclines Enter the total number of direct authorization declines (permonth, quarter, or year) received. Fraud-related Declines Enter thepercentage of direct authorization declines generated by (%) establishedparameters for fraud-based policies or referrals. IncorrectFraud-related Enter the percentage of fraud-related direct authorizationdeclines Declines (%) considered to be incorrectly declined. Number ofReferrals Enter the total number of credit referrals (per month,quarter, or year) received. Fraud-related Referrals Enter the percentageof credit referrals generated by established (%) parameters forfraud-based policies or referrals. Fraud-related Referrals Enter thepercentage of fraud-related credit referrals declined. Declined (%)Fraud-related Referrals Enter the percentage of fraud-related referraldeclines considered to Incorrectly Declined (%) be incorrectly declined.Recoveries &Chargeoffs Value of Gross Fraud Enter the total currencyvalue of charges resulting from fraudulent or Chargeoffs unauthorizeduser activity (per month, quarter, or year). Cardholder Fraud If user'sorganization holds cardholders partly accountable for fraudResponsibility (% or charges, select whether the accountability isassigned as a percentage amount) of total fraudulent charges incurred,or as a fixed currency amount per fraud case reported. Then enter theappropriate percent or currency amount for which cardholders areresponsible. If user's organization does not hold cardholders partlyaccountable for fraud charges, select either a percentage or a fixedcurrency amount, then enter 0. Cardholder Fraud If user's organizationholds cardholders partly accountable for fraud Responsibility charges,enter the average uncollectible/unrecoverable portion of Unrecovered(avg) cardholder responsibility. This amount (or percentage) shouldalways be entered as a smaller figure than the Cardholder FraudResponsibility itself. Value of Fraud-related Enter the total currencyvalue of fraud chargebacks presented to Merchant Chargebacks Merchants(per month, quarter, or year). Value of Fraud-related Enter the totalcurrency value of Merchant fraud chargebacks Representments representedand accepted (per month, quarter, or year). Value of Fraud Enter theaverage total currency value of insurance recoveries InsuranceRecoveries resulting from fraudulent or unauthorized user activity (permonth, (avg) quarter, or year). Exception Handling Value of Fraud CaseEnter the currency value of the average total fraudulent charges (avg)incurred per fraud case reported. Fraud cases should be measured at theaccount (not card) level and may constitute one or more transactions.Number of Fraud Cases Enter the total number of fraud cases reported(per month, quarter, or Reported year) among cardholders. Fraud casesshould be measured at the account (not card) level and may constituteone or more transactions. Number of Transactions Enter the averagenumber of transactions carried out by fraudsters per per Fraud Case(avg) fraud case reported. Number of Enter the total number ofcompromised accounts (per month, quarter, Compromised Account or year).Cases Reported Number of Fraudulent Enter the average number oftransactions carried out by fraudsters per Transactions per compromisedaccount reported. Compromised Account (avg) Number of Customer Enter thetotal number of customer disputes (per month, quarter, or Disputesyear). Disputes should be defined on a per transaction basis. Number ofFraud- Enter the total number of customer disputes (per month, quarter,or related Customer year) attributable to fraudulent activity. Disputesshould be defined on Disputes a per-transaction basis. First Party FraudRate Enter the percentage of credit losses attributable to cardholder or(%) accountholder-perpetrated fraud. Value of Net Credit Enter thecurrency value of total credit losses − gross losses less Chargeoffsrecoveries (per month, quarter, or year). Bankcard ProcessingAuthorization Fee per Enter the currency value of the averageper-transaction authorization Transaction (avg) (e.g., BASE I) feesincurred by user's organization. Settlement Fee per Enter the currencyvalue of the average per-transaction settlement Transaction (avg) (e.g.,BASE II fraud-related chargebacks) fees incurred by user's organization.Value of Fraud-related Enter the currency value of the totalfraud-related transaction Processing Fees processing fees (TC40, SAFE,chargeback reporting, representments, etc.) incurred by user'sorganization. Other Value of Fraud Enter the currency value of the costof fraud insurance premiums (per Insurance Premiums month, quarter, oryear). Value of Fraud-related Enter the currency value of the total costof legal fees (per month, Legal Fees quarter, or year), includingcounsel and prosecution, resulting from fraudulent or unauthorizedactivity. Value of Other Fraud Enter the currency value of the totalamount of any other known costs Losses associated with user'sorganization's direct fraud operations (per month, quarter, or year).

TABLE 4 Human Resources Input Item Definition Are staff costs reportedSelect “Yes” to report all fraud staff costs on a fully-loaded (singleline) on a fully loaded/all- basis. inclusive basis? Select “No” toreport staff salaries, benefits, and taxes separately from any otherknown costs. Prevention Analysts If reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value Costs (avg) of totalaverage cost per Prevention Analyst (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs perPrevention Analyst (per hour, day, week, month, or year). OtherPrevention If reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this inputfield is not Analysts Costs (avg) available. If not reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the averagesum of all other known costs per Prevention Analyst (per hour, day,week, month, or year). Alert Staff Costs (avg) If reporting staff costson a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of total average costper Detection Alert Staff (per hour, day, week, month, or year). If notreporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency valueof the average sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs per Alert Staff(per hour, day, week, month, or year). Other Alert Staff Costs Ifreporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is not(avg) available. If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis,enter the currency value of the average sum of all other known costs perAlert Staff (per hour, day, week, month, or year). Chargeback StaffCosts If reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value (avg) - Detection of total average cost DetectionSpecialist (per hour, day, week, month, or year). If not reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the averagesum of salary, benefit, and tax costs per Detection Specialist (perhour, day, week, month, or year). Other Chargeback Staff If reportingstaff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is not Costs(avg) - Detection available. If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum of allother known costs per Detection Specialist (per hour, day, week, month,or year). Chargeback Staff Costs If reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value (avg) - Recovery of totalaverage cost per Recovery Specialist (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs perRecovery Specialist (per hour, day, week, month, or year). OtherChargeback Staff If reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, thisinput field is not Costs (avg) - Recovery available. If not reportingstaff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of theaverage sum of all other known costs per Recovery Specialist (per hour,day, week, month, or year). Administrative Staff If reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value Costs (avg) -Detection of total average cost per Detection Administrative Assistant(per hour, day, week, month, or year). If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum ofsalary, benefit, and tax costs per Detection Administrative Assistant(per hour, day, week, month, or year). Other Administrative If reportingstaff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is not Staff Costs(avg) - available. Detection If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum of allother known costs per Detection Administrative Assistant (per hour, day,week, month, or year). Administrative Staff If reporting staff costs ona fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value Costs (avg) - Recovery oftotal average cost per Recovery Support Assistant (per hour, day, week,month, or year). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis,enter the currency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and taxcosts per Recovery Administrative Assistant (per hour, day, week, month,or year). Other Administrative If reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, this input field is not Staff Costs (avg) -available. Recovery If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loadedbasis, enter the currency value of the average sum of all other knowncosts per Recovery Administrative Assistant (per hour, day, week, month,or year). Supervisory Staff Costs If reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value (avg) - Detection of totalaverage cost per Detection Supervisor (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs perDetection Supervisor (per hour, day, week, month, or year). OtherSupervisory Staff If reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, thisinput field is not Costs (avg) - Detection available. If not reportingstaff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of theaverage sum of all other known costs per Detection Supervisor (per hour,day, week, month, or year). Supervisory Staff Costs If reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value (avg) - Recoveryof total average cost per Recovery Supervisor (per hour, day, week,month, or year). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis,enter the currency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and taxcosts per Recovery Supervisor (per hour, day, week, month, or year).Other Supervisory Staff If reporting staff costs on a fully-loadedbasis, this input field is not Costs (avg) - Recovery available. If notreporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency valueof the average sum of all other known costs per Recovery Supervisor (perhour, day, week, month, or year). Management Staff If reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value Costs (avg) oftotal average cost per Fraud Manager (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs perFraud Manager (per hour, day, week, month, or year). Other Management Ifreporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is notStaff Costs (avg) available. If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum of allother known costs per Fraud Manager (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). Prevention Number of Prevention Enter the total number offull-time equivalent Prevention Analysts Analysts (FTE) employed (to thenearest tenth of an employee). Detection Number of Alert Staff Enter thetotal full-time equivalent Detection Alert Staff employed (to (FTE) thenearest tenth of an employee). Number of Chargeback Enter the totalfull-time equivalent Detection Specialists employed (to Specialists(FTE) the nearest tenth of an employee). Number of Enter the totalfull-time equivalent Detection Administrative Assistants Administrativeemployed (to the nearest tenth of an employee). Assistants (FTE) Numberof Supervisors Enter the total full-time equivalent DetectionSupervisors employed (to (FTE) the nearest tenth of an employee). Numberof Managers Enter the total full-time equivalent Fraud Managers employed(to the (FTE) nearest tenth of an employee). Investigation &RecoveryNumber of Chargeback Enter the total full-time equivalent RecoverySpecialists employed (to Specialists (FTE) the nearest tenth of anemployee). Number of Enter the total full-time equivalent RecoveryAdministrative Assistants Administrative employed (to the nearest tenthof an employee). Assistants (FTE) Number of Supervisors Enter the totalfull-time equivalent Recovery Supervisors employed (to (FTE) the nearesttenth of an employee).

TABLE 5 Overhead Input Item Definition Where are fraud Select whetherPrevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are Prevention/Detection/carried out in a common facility or in separate facilities. Recoveryefforts conducted? Options for Rent/Lease If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a Common Facility Costs commonfacility, enter the currency value of the Rent/Lease costs of thefacility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee).Computer If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carriedout in a Equipment common facility, enter the currency value of theComputer Equipment Costs costs of the facility (per month, quarter,year, square foot/meter, or employee). Utilities Costs If Prevention,Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out in a common facility,enter the currency value of the Utilities costs of the facility (permonth, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee). Telephone IfPrevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out in aCosts common facility, enter the currency value of the Telephone costsof the facility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Other Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operationsare carried out in a common facility, enter the currency value of thetotal of any other costs of the facility (per month, quarter, year,square foot/meter, or employee). Prevention If Prevention, Detection,and Recovery operations are carried out in a common facility, enter thepercentage allocation of the facility's usage to Prevention activities.Rent/Lease Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a common facility, the currency value of this field iscalculated automatically based on Rent/Lease costs of the commonfacility and the allocation of that facility to Prevention activities.If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out inseparate facilities, enter the currency value of the Rent/Lease costs ofthe Prevention facility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Computer Equipment If Prevention, Detection, and Recoveryoperations are carried out in a Costs common facility, the currencyvalue of this field is calculated automatically based on ComputerEquipment costs of the common facility and the allocation of thatfacility to Prevention activities. If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in separate facilities, enter thecurrency value of the Computer Equipment costs of the Preventionfacility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee).Utilities Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a common facility, the currency value of this field iscalculated automatically based on Utilities costs of the common facilityand the allocation of that facility to Prevention activities. IfPrevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out inseparate facilities, enter the currency value of the Utilities costs ofthe Prevention facility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Telephone Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recoveryoperations are carried out in a common facility, the currency value ofthis field is calculated automatically based on Telephone costs of thecommon facility and the allocation of that facility to Preventionactivities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in separate facilities, enter the currency value of theTelephone costs of the Prevention facility (per month, quarter, year,square foot/meter, or employee). Other Costs If Prevention, Detection,and Recovery operations are carried out in a common facility, thecurrency value of this field is calculated automatically based on Othercosts of the common facility and the allocation of that facility toPrevention activities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operationsare carried out in separate facilities, enter the currency value of theOther costs of the Prevention facility (per month, quarter, year, squarefoot/meter, or employee). Detection If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a common facility, enter thepercentage allocation of the facility's usage to Detection activities.Rent/Lease Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a common facility, the currency value of this field iscalculated automatically based on Rent/Lease costs of the commonfacility and the allocation of that facility to Detection activities. IfPrevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out inseparate facilities, enter the currency value of the Rent/Lease costs ofthe Detection facility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Computer Equipment If Prevention, Detection, and Recoveryoperations are carried out in a Costs common facility, the currencyvalue of this field is calculated automatically based on ComputerEquipment costs of the common facility and the allocation of thatfacility to Detection activities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recoveryoperations are carried out in separate facilities, enter the currencyvalue of the Computer Equipment costs of the Detection facility (permonth, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee). Utilities CostsIf Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out in acommon facility, the currency value of this field is calculatedautomatically based on Utilities costs of the common facility and theallocation of that facility to Detection activities. If Prevention,Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out in separatefacilities, enter the currency value of the Utilities costs of theDetection facility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Telephone Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recoveryoperations are carried out in a common facility, the currency value ofthis field is calculated automatically based on Telephone costs of thecommon facility and the allocation of that facility to Detectionactivities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in separate facilities, enter the currency value of theTelephone costs of the Detection facility (per month, quarter, year,square foot/meter, or employee). Other Costs If Prevention, Detection,and Recovery operations are carried out in a common facility, thecurrency value of this field is calculated automatically based on Othercosts of the common facility and the allocation of that facility toDetection activities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operationsare carried out in separate facilities, enter the currency value of theOther costs of the Detection facility (per month, quarter, year, squarefoot/meter, or employee). Investigation & If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a Recovery common facility, enterthe percentage allocation of the facility's usage to Investigation&Recovery activities. Rent/Lease Costs If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a common facility, the currencyvalue of this field is calculated automatically based on Rent/Leasecosts of the common facility and the allocation of that facility toInvestigation &Recovery activities. If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in separate facilities, enter thecurrency value of the Rent/Lease costs of the Investigation &Recoveryfacility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee).Computer Equipment If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a Costs common facility, the currency value of this fieldis calculated automatically based on Computer Equipment costs of thecommon facility and the allocation of that facility to Investigation&Recovery activities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operationsare carried out in separate facilities, enter the currency value of theComputer Equipment costs of the Investigation &Recovery facility (permonth, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee). Utilities CostsIf Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out in acommon facility, the currency value of this field is calculatedautomatically based on Utilities costs of the common facility and theallocation of that facility to Investigation &Recovery activities. IfPrevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out inseparate facilities, enter the currency value of the Utilities costs ofthe Investigation &Recovery facility (per month, quarter, year, squarefoot/meter, or employee). Telephone Costs If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a common facility, the currencyvalue of this field is calculated automatically based on Telephone costsof the common facility and the allocation of that facility toInvestigation &Recovery activities. If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in separate facilities, enter thecurrency value of the Telephone costs of the Investigation &Recoveryfacility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee).Other Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a common facility, the currency value of this field iscalculated automatically based on Other costs of the common facility andthe allocation of that facility to Investigation &Recovery activities.If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out inseparate facilities, enter the currency value of the Other costs of theInvestigation &Recovery facility (per month, quarter, year, squarefoot/meter, or employee).

TABLE 6 Systems Input Item Definition Authorization What % of Select“Enter Manually” and enter the percentage allocation of user'sAuthorization Systems organization's authorization systems to fraudoperations. Use is Attributable to If the allocation is unknown, select“Calculate Automatically” and the Fraud? allocation will be determinedbased on the percentage of fraud (and compromised account) referralsrelative to total credit referrals. The formula used to automaticallycalculate this allocation is based on weighted average use ofauthorization systems to generate fraud- related referrals and declinesas follows: [Fraud-related Declines (%) * (number of declines/(number ofdeclines + number of referrals)] + [fraud-related referrals (%) *(number of referrals/(number of declines + number of referrals)]Depreciation Costs Enter the currency value of total depreciation costs(per month, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization'sauthorization systems. Licensing Costs Enter the currency value of totallicensing costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's authorization systems. Hardware Costs Enter the currencyvalue of total hardware costs (per month, quarter, or year) associatedwith user's organization's authorization systems. Maintenance CostsEnter the currency value of total maintenance costs (per month, quarter,or year) associated with user's organization's authorization systems.Staff Costs (FTE) Enter the currency value of total equivalent IT staffcosts (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's authorization systems. Other Costs Enter the currencyvalue of total of any other costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's authorization systems. DetectionDepreciation Costs Enter the currency value of total depreciation costs(per month, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization'sfraud detection systems. Licensing Costs Enter the currency value oftotal licensing costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated withuser's organization's fraud detection systems. Hardware Costs Enter thecurrency value of total hardware costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's fraud detection systems.Maintenance Costs Enter the currency value of total maintenance costs(per month, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization'sfraud detection systems. Staff Costs (FTE) Enter the currency value oftotal equivalent IT staff costs (per month, quarter, or year) associatedwith user's organization's fraud detection systems. Other Costs Enterthe currency value of total of any other costs (per month, quarter, oryear) associated with user's organization's fraud detection systems.Analysis Depreciation Costs Enter the currency value of totaldepreciation costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's fraud analysis systems. Licensing Costs Enter thecurrency value of total licensing costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's fraud analysis systems. HardwareCosts Enter the currency value of total hardware costs (per month,quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's fraud analysissystems. Maintenance Costs Enter the currency value of total maintenancecosts (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's fraud analysis systems. Staff Costs (FTE) Enter thecurrency value of total equivalent IT staff costs (per month, quarter,or year) associated with user's organization's fraud analysis systems.Other Costs Enter the currency value of total of any other costs (permonth, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's fraudanalysis systems. Chargeback Management What % of Select “EnterManually” and enter the percentage allocation of user's Chargebackorganization's chargeback management systems to fraud operations.Management If the allocation is unknown, select “CalculateAutomatically”and the Systems Use is allocation will be determined basedon the annualized ratio of fraud- Attributable to Fraud? relatedcustomer disputes relative to total customer disputes. The formula usedto automatically calculate this allocation is based on fraud-relatedcustomer disputes relative to total customer disputes as follows: Numberof fraud-related customer disputes (annualized)/number of customerdisputes (annualized) Depreciation Costs Enter the currency value oftotal depreciation costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated withuser's organization's chargeback management systems. Licensing CostsEnter the currency value of total licensing costs (per month, quarter,or year) associated with user's organization's chargeback managementsystems. Hardware Costs Enter the currency value of total hardware costs(per month, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization'schargeback management systems. Maintenance Costs Enter the currencyvalue of total maintenance costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's chargeback management systems.Staff Costs (FTE) Enter the currency value of total equivalent IT staffcosts (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's chargeback management systems. Other Costs Enter thecurrency value of total of any other costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's chargeback management systems. PINManagement Depreciation Costs Enter the currency value of totaldepreciation costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's PIN Management systems. Licensing Costs Enter thecurrency value of total licensing costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's PIN Management systems. HardwareCosts Enter the currency value of total hardware costs (per month,quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's PIN Managementsystems. Maintenance Costs Enter the currency value of total maintenancecosts (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's PIN Management systems. Staff Costs (FTE) Enter thecurrency value of total equivalent IT staff costs (per month, quarter,or year) associated with user's organization's PIN Management systems.Other Costs Enter the currency value of total of any other costs (permonth, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's fraud PINManagement systems.

TABLE 7 Operating Expenses Input Item Definition Compliance InformationValue of Enter the currency value of compliance-related investments madein Security Technology software, hardware, and general technologies toimprove information Investments security (per month, quarter, or year).Compliance Enter the currency value of the costs of compliance-relatedaudits Audit Costs performed (per month, quarter, or year). Scan CostsEnter the currency value of the costs of compliance-related scansperformed (per month, quarter, or year). Value of Fines & Enter thecurrency value of total card association fines and penalties Penaltiesincurred as a result of partial or non-compliance to establishedinformation security standards (per month, quarter, or year). OtherCompliance Enter the currency value of any other knowncompliance-related Costs expenses incurred associated with user'sorganization's fraud operations (per month, quarter, or year). TrainingFraud-related Training Enter the currency value of total fraud-relatedtraining costs incurred Costs by user's organization (per month,quarter, or year). Other Operating Expenses Postal Costs Enter thecurrency value of the total postal costs, except for those associatedwith card replacements, associated with user's organization's fraudoperations (per month, quarter, or year). Copy/Fax/Print Costs Enter thecurrency value of the total copying/faxing/printing costs associatedwith user's organization's fraud operations (per month, quarter, oryear). Office Supply Costs Enter the currency value of the total officesupply costs associated with user's organization's fraud operations (permonth, quarter, or year). Other Costs Enter the currency value of anyother known operating expenses associated with user's organization'sfraud operations (per month, quarter, or year).

Similar to the issuer inputs in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the inputs (FIG. 5) foran acquirer perspective are entered into the electronic spreadsheet ofthe assessment module 34 according to the embodiment as shown in FIGS.7C and 7D. Under the General Parameters 201 component, a userenters/inputs general data such as Label, period of financial data,currency format of input, number of hours of a normal workday, thenumber of days of a normal work week (typically 5 days), the number ofweeks in a normal work year, and net pre-tax profit margin rate, e.g.,(total revenue minus total expenses) divided by (total sales volume pluscash volume).

Under the Sales Unit Data 202 component (Merchant Servicing 206category) for acquirer, the user enters inputs into electronicspreadsheet of the assessment module 34. The Merchant Servicing 206category is derived from the transactions generated by the merchantsunder the acquirer's portfolio. Specifically, the user enters each dataitem in the input categories of “Number of Merchants (avg)”, “Number ofTransactions (avg)”, “Merchant Discount Rate (%)”, “Interchange Rate(avg), and “Merchant Sales Volume (avg)”. The definition for each dataitem to be entered into the Sales Unit Data 202 component is listedbelow in Table 8.

TABLE 8 Merchants Input Item Definition Number of Merchants Enter theaverage number of Merchants in (avg) user's organization's Acquiringportfolio. Number of Transactions Enter the average number oftransactions (avg) generated by the merchant portfolio. MerchantDiscount Enter the average Merchant Discount Rate Rate (%) (MDR)Interchange Rate (avg) Enter the average interchange rate chargedMerchant Sales Volume Enter the currency value of the average net (avg)sales generated by the merchant portfolio for purchase transactions.

Similarly, the definition for each data item to be entered into thecategories of Customer Service 212, Fraud Operations 214, HumanResources 216, Overhead 218, Systems and Services 220, and OperationExpense 222 is listed below in Tables 9-14.

TABLE 9 Customer Service Input Item Definition Inbound Call ReceivedCost Enter the currency value of the average per-unit cost of receivingand (avg unit cost) processing a Customer Service inquiry, includingcalls for dispute handling (chargebacks), and account activitymonitoring. Number of Inquiries per Enter the average number ofinquiries made to Customer Service for a Fraud Case(avg) typical fraudcase, including inquiries in support of dispute handling. Outbound CallCost - Cable (avg Enter the currency value of the average per-unit costof placing an unit cost) outbound call to merchants through cable/landbased phone lines. Number of Calls per Enter the average number ofcable/land-line outbound calls placed to Fraud Case - Cable merchantsper fraud case reported, including calls in support of fraud (avg)investigations. Call Cost - Mobile (avg Enter the currency value of theaverage per-unit cost of placing an unit cost) outbound mobile call tomerchants Number of Calls per Enter the average number of mobileoutbound calls placed to Fraud Case - Mobile merchants per fraud casereported, including calls in support of fraud (avg) investigations.

TABLE 10 Fraud Operations Input Item Definition Authorization Number ofIncorrect Enter the number of authorization declines due to establishedFraud-related Declines parameters that incorrectly decline forfraud-based policies or referrals. Recoveries &Chargeoffs Value ofChargebacks Enter the gross currency value of fraud losses resultingfrom Issuer from Issuer chargebacks. Value of Fraud-related Enter thetotal currency value of fraud chargebacks presented to MerchantChargebacks merchants (per month, quarter, or year). Value ofFraud-related Enter the total currency value of merchant fraudchargebacks Representments represented and accepted (per month, quarter,or year). Value of Fraud Enter the average total currency value ofinsurance recoveries Insurance Recoveries resulting from fraudulent orunauthorized user activity (per month, (avg) quarter, or year).Exception Handling Number of Fraud Cases Enter the total number of fraudcases reported (per month, quarter, or Reported year) among merchants.Fraud cases should be measured at the account (not card) level and mayconstitute one or more transactions. Number of Merchant Enter the totalnumber of merchant disputes (per month, quarter, or Disputes year).Disputes should be defined on a per transaction basis. Number of Fraud-Enter the total number of merchant disputes (per month, quarter, orrelated Merchant year) attributable to fraudulent activity. Disputesshould be defined on Disputes a per-transaction basis. BankcardProcessing Authorization Fee per Enter the currency value of the averageper-transaction authorization Transaction (avg) (e.g., BASE I) feesincurred by user's organization. Settlement Fee per Enter the currencyvalue of the average per-transaction settlement Transaction (avg) (e.g.,BASE II) fees incurred by user's organization. Value of Fraud-relatedEnter the currency value of the total fraud-related transactionProcessing Fees processing fees (TC40, SAFE, chargeback reporting,representments, etc.) incurred by user's organization. Other Value ofFraud Enter the currency value of the cost of fraud insurance premiums(per Insurance Premiums month, quarter, or year). Value of Fraud-relatedEnter the currency value of the total cost of legal fees (per month,Legal Fees quarter, or year), including counsel and prosecution,resulting from fraudulent or unauthorized activity. Value ofFraud-related If any specific Opportunity Costs are known to be incurredby user's Opportunity Costs organization resulting from fraudulent orunauthorized activity, enter the gross currency amount. Example: As anAcquirer decide to cancel merchants with excessive fraud or unauthorizedactivity. Some of these merchants also utilize user's organization'spayroll services, but understandably choose to bank elsewhere upon beingcancelled. In this example, the opportunity cost to enter would be thepayroll services revenues forgone by canceling these merchants. Value ofPIN-Based Enter the currency value of investments made in securitycameras, Security Upgrades & encryption software, protective equipment,tamper proofing, and any Enhancements other tools or paraphernalia usedto improve the overall security and integrity of PIN-based transactions(per month, quarter, or year). Value of Other Fraud Enter the currencyvalue of the total amount of any other known costs Losses associatedwith user's organization's direct fraud operations (per month, quarter,or year).

TABLE 11 Human Resources Input Item Definition Are staff costs reportedSelect “Yes” to report all fraud staff costs on a fully-loaded (singleline) on a fully loaded/all- basis. inclusive basis? Select “No” toreport staff salaries, benefits, and taxes separately from any otherknown costs. Prevention Analysts If reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value Costs (avg) of totalaverage cost per Prevention Analyst (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs perPrevention Analyst (per hour, day, week, month, or year). OtherPrevention If reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this inputfield is not Analysts Costs (avg) available. If not reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the averagesum of all other known costs per Prevention Analyst (per hour, day,week, month, or year). Alert Staff Costs (avg) If reporting staff costson a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of total average costper Detection Alert Staff (per hour, day, week, month, or year). If notreporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency valueof the average sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs per Alert Staff(per hour, day, week, month, or year). Other Alert Staff Costs Ifreporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is not(avg) available. If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis,enter the currency value of the average sum of all other known costs perAlert Staff (per hour, day, week, month, or year). Chargeback StaffCosts If reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value (avg) - Detection of total average cost DetectionSpecialist (per hour, day, week, month, or year). If not reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the averagesum of salary, benefit, and tax costs per Detection Specialist (perhour, day, week, month, or year). Other Chargeback Staff If reportingstaff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is not Costs(avg) - Detection available. If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum of allother known costs per Detection Specialist (per hour, day, week, month,or year). Chargeback Staff Costs If reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value (avg) - Recovery of totalaverage cost per Recovery Specialist (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs perRecovery Specialist (per hour, day, week, month, or year). OtherChargeback Staff If reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, thisinput field is not Costs (avg) - Recovery available. If not reportingstaff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of theaverage sum of all other known costs per Recovery Specialist (per hour,day, week, month, or year). Administrative Staff If reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value Costs (avg) -Detection of total average cost per Detection Administrative Assistant(per hour, day, week, month, or year). If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum ofsalary, benefit, and tax costs per Detection Administrative Assistant(per hour, day, week, month, or year). Other Administrative If reportingstaff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is not Staff Costs(avg) - available. Detection If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum of allother known costs per Detection Administrative Assistant (per hour, day,week, month, or year). Administrative Staff If reporting staff costs ona fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value Costs (avg) - of totalaverage cost per Recovery Support Assistant (per hour, day, Recoveryweek, month, or year). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loadedbasis, enter the currency value of the average sum of salary, benefit,and tax costs per Recovery Administrative Assistant (per hour, day,week, month, or year). Other Administrative If reporting staff costs ona fully-loaded basis, this input field is not Staff Costs (avg) -available. Recovery If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loadedbasis, enter the currency value of the average sum of all other knowncosts per Recovery Administrative Assistant (per hour, day, week, month,or year). Supervisory Staff Costs If reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value (avg) - Detection of totalaverage cost per Detection Supervisor (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs perDetection Supervisor (per hour, day, week, month, or year). OtherSupervisory Staff If reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, thisinput field is not Costs (avg) - Detection available. If not reportingstaff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of theaverage sum of all other known costs per Detection Supervisor (per hour,day, week, month, or year). Supervisory Staff Costs If reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value (avg) - Recoveryof total average cost per Recovery Supervisor (per hour, day, week,month, or year). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis,enter the currency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and taxcosts per Recovery Supervisor (per hour, day, week, month, or year).Other Supervisory Staff If reporting staff costs on a fully-loadedbasis, this input field is not Costs (avg) - Recovery available. If notreporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency valueof the average sum of all other known costs per Recovery Supervisor (perhour, day, week, month, or year). Management Staff If reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value Costs (avg) oftotal average cost per Fraud Manager (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs perFraud Manager (per hour, day, week, month, or year). Other Management Ifreporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is notStaff Costs (avg) available. If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum of allother known costs per Fraud Manager (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). Prevention Number of Prevention Enter the total full-timeequivalent Prevention Analysts employed (to Analysts (FTE) the nearesttenth of an employee). Detection Number of Alert Staff Enter the totalfull-time equivalent Detection Alert Staff employed (to (FTE) thenearest tenth of an employee). Number of Chargeback Enter the totalfull-time equivalent Detection Specialists employed (to Specialists(FTE) the nearest tenth of an employee). Number of Enter the totalfull-time equivalent Detection Administrative Assistants Administrativeemployed (to the nearest tenth of an employee). Assistants (FTE) Numberof Supervisors Enter the total full-time equivalent DetectionSupervisors employed (to (FTE) the nearest tenth of an employee). Numberof Enter the total full-time equivalent Fraud Managers employed (to theManagers(FTE) nearest tenth of an employee). Investigation &RecoveryNumber of Chargeback Enter the total full-time equivalent RecoverySpecialists employed (to Specialists (FTE) the nearest tenth of anemployee). Number of Enter the total full-time equivalent RecoveryAdministrative Assistants Administrative employed (to the nearest tenthof an employee). Assistants (FTE) Number of Supervisors Enter the totalfull-time equivalent Recovery Supervisors employed (to (FTE) the nearesttenth of an employee).

TABLE 12 Overhead Input Item Definition Where are fraud Select whetherPrevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are Prevention/Detection/carried out in a common facility or in separate facilities. Recoveryefforts conducted? Options for Rent/Lease If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a Common Facility Costs commonfacility, enter the currency value of the Rent/Lease costs of thefacility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee).Computer If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carriedout in a Equipment Costs common facility, enter the currency value ofthe Computer Equipment costs of the facility (per month, quarter, year,square foot/meter, or employee). Utilities Costs If Prevention,Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out in a common facility,enter the currency value of the Utilities costs of the facility (permonth, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee). Telephone CostsIf Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out in acommon facility, enter the currency value of the Telephone costs of thefacility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee).Other Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a common facility, enter the currency value of the totalof any other costs of the facility (per month, quarter, year, squarefoot/meter, or employee). Prevention If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a common facility, enter thepercentage allocation of the facility's usage to Prevention activities.Rent/Lease Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a common facility, the currency value of this field iscalculated automatically based on Rent/Lease costs of the commonfacility and the allocation of that facility to Prevention activities.If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out inseparate facilities, enter the currency value of the Rent/Lease costs ofthe Prevention facility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Computer Equipment If Prevention, Detection, and Recoveryoperations are carried out in a Costs common facility, the currencyvalue of this field is calculated automatically based on ComputerEquipment costs of the common facility and the allocation of thatfacility to Prevention activities. If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in separate facilities, enter thecurrency value of the Computer Equipment costs of the Preventionfacility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee).Utilities Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a common facility, the currency value of this field iscalculated automatically based on Utilities costs of the common facilityand the allocation of that facility to Prevention activities. IfPrevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out inseparate facilities, enter the currency value of the Utilities costs ofthe Prevention facility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Telephone Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recoveryoperations are carried out in a common facility, the currency value ofthis field is calculated automatically based on Telephone costs of thecommon facility and the allocation of that facility to Preventionactivities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in separate facilities, enter the currency value of theTelephone costs of the Prevention facility (per month, quarter, year,square foot/meter, or employee). Other Costs If Prevention, Detection,and Recovery operations are carried out in a common facility, thecurrency value of this field is calculated automatically based on Othercosts of the common facility and the allocation of that facility toPrevention activities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operationsare carried out in separate facilities, enter the currency value of theOther costs of the Prevention facility (per month, quarter, year, squarefoot/meter, or employee). Detection If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a common facility, enter thepercentage allocation of the facility's usage to Detection activities.Rent/Lease Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a common facility, the currency value of this field iscalculated automatically based on Rent/Lease costs of the commonfacility and the allocation of that facility to Detection activities. IfPrevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out inseparate facilities, enter the currency value of the Rent/Lease costs ofthe Detection facility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Computer Equipment If Prevention, Detection, and Recoveryoperations are carried out in a Costs common facility, the currencyvalue of this field is calculated automatically based on ComputerEquipment costs of the common facility and the allocation of thatfacility to Detection activities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recoveryoperations are carried out in separate facilities, enter the currencyvalue of the Computer Equipment costs of the Detection facility (permonth, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee). Utilities CostsIf Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out in acommon facility, the currency value of this field is calculatedautomatically based on Utilities costs of the common facility and theallocation of that facility to Detection activities. If Prevention,Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out in separatefacilities, enter the currency value of the Utilities costs of theDetection facility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Telephone Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recoveryoperations are carried out in a common facility, the currency value ofthis field is calculated automatically based on Telephone costs of thecommon facility and the allocation of that facility to Detectionactivities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in separate facilities, enter the currency value of theTelephone costs of the Detection facility (per month, quarter, year,square foot/meter, or employee). Other Costs If Prevention, Detection,and Recovery operations are carried out in a common facility, thecurrency value of this field is calculated automatically based on Othercosts of the common facility and the allocation of that facility toDetection activities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operationsare carried out in separate facilities, enter the currency value of theOther costs of the Detection facility (per month, quarter, year, squarefoot/meter, or employee). Investigation & If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a Recovery common facility, enterthe percentage allocation of the facility's usage to Investigation&Recovery activities. Rent/Lease Costs If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a common facility, the currencyvalue of this field is calculated automatically based on Rent/Leasecosts of the common facility and the allocation of that facility toInvestigation &Recovery activities. If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in separate facilities, enter thecurrency value of the Rent/Lease costs of the Investigation &Recoveryfacility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee).Computer Equipment If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a Costs common facility, the currency value of this fieldis calculated automatically based on Computer Equipment costs of thecommon facility and the allocation of that facility to Investigation&Recovery activities. If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operationsare carried out in separate facilities, enter the currency value of theComputer Equipment costs of the Investigation &Recovery facility (permonth, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee). Utilities CostsIf Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out in acommon facility, the currency value of this field is calculatedautomatically based on Utilities costs of the common facility and theallocation of that facility to Investigation &Recovery activities. IfPrevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out inseparate facilities, enter the currency value of the Utilities costs ofthe Investigation &Recovery facility (per month, quarter, year, squarefoot/meter, or employee). Telephone Costs If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in a common facility, the currencyvalue of this field is calculated automatically based on Telephone costsof the common facility and the allocation of that facility toInvestigation &Recovery activities. If Prevention, Detection, andRecovery operations are carried out in separate facilities, enter thecurrency value of the Telephone costs of the Investigation &Recoveryfacility (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee).Other Costs If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations arecarried out in a common facility, the currency value of this field iscalculated automatically based on Other costs of the common facility andthe allocation of that facility to Investigation &Recovery activities.If Prevention, Detection, and Recovery operations are carried out inseparate facilities, enter the currency value of the Other costs of theInvestigation &Recovery facility (per month, quarter, year, squarefoot/meter, or employee).

TABLE 13 Systems Input Item Definition Detection Depreciation CostsEnter the currency value of total depreciation costs (per month,quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's fraud detectionsystems. Licensing Costs Enter the currency value of total licensingcosts (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's fraud detection systems. Hardware Costs Enter thecurrency value of total hardware costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's fraud detection systems.Maintenance Costs Enter the currency value of total maintenance costs(per month, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization'sfraud detection systems. Staff Costs (FTE) Enter the currency value oftotal equivalent IT staff costs (per month, quarter, or year) associatedwith user's organization's fraud detection systems. Other Costs Enterthe currency value of total of any other costs (per month, quarter, oryear) associated with user's organization's fraud detection systems.Analysis Depreciation Costs Enter the currency value of totaldepreciation costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's fraud analysis systems. Licensing Costs Enter thecurrency value of total licensing costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's fraud analysis systems. HardwareCosts Enter the currency value of total hardware costs (per month,quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's fraud analysissystems. Maintenance Costs Enter the currency value of total maintenancecosts (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's fraud analysis systems. Staff Costs (FTE) Enter thecurrency value of total equivalent IT staff costs (per month, quarter,or year) associated with user's organization's fraud analysis systems.Other Costs Enter the currency value of total of any other costs (permonth, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's fraudanalysis systems. Chargeback Management What % of Chargeback Select“Enter Manually” and enter the percentage allocation of user'sManagement Systems organization's chargeback management systems to fraudoperations. Use is Attributable to If the allocation is unknown, select“Calculate Automatically” and the Fraud? allocation will be determinedbased on the annualized ratio of fraud- related merchant disputesrelative to total merchant disputes. The formula used to automaticallycalculate this allocation is based on fraud-related merchant disputesrelative to total merchant disputes as follows: Number of fraud-relatedmerchant disputes (annualized)/number of merchant disputes (annualized)Depreciation Costs Enter the currency value of total depreciation costs(per month, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization'schargeback management systems. Licensing Costs Enter the currency valueof total licensing costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated withuser's organization's chargeback management systems. Hardware CostsEnter the currency value of total hardware costs (per month, quarter, oryear) associated with user's organization's chargeback managementsystems. Maintenance Costs Enter the currency value of total maintenancecosts (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's chargeback management systems. Staff Costs (FTE) Enterthe currency value of total equivalent IT staff costs (per month,quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's chargebackmanagement systems. Other Costs Enter the currency value of total of anyother costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's chargeback management systems. PIN ManagementDepreciation Costs Enter the currency value of total depreciation costs(per month, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's PINManagement systems. Licensing Costs Enter the currency value of totallicensing costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's PIN Management systems. Hardware Costs Enter the currencyvalue of total hardware costs (per month, quarter, or year) associatedwith user's organization's PIN Management systems. Maintenance CostsEnter the currency value of total maintenance costs (per month, quarter,or year) associated with user's organization's PIN Management systems.Staff Costs (FTE) Enter the currency value of total equivalent IT staffcosts (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's PIN Management systems. Other Costs Enter the currencyvalue of total of any other costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's fraud PIN Management systems.

TABLE 14 Operating Expenses Input Item Definition Compliance InformationValue of Enter the currency value of compliance-related investments madein Technology software, hardware, and general technologies to improveinformation Investments security (per month, quarter, or year).Compliance Audit Enter the currency value of the costs ofcompliance-related audits Costs performed (per month, quarter, or year).Scan Costs Enter the currency value of the costs of compliance-relatedscans performed (per month, quarter, or year). Value of Fines & Enterthe currency value of total card association fines and penaltiesPenalties incurred as a result of partial or non-compliance toestablished information security standards (per month, quarter, oryear). Other Compliance Enter the currency value of any other knowncompliance-related Costs expenses incurred associated with user'sorganization's fraud operations (per month, quarter, or year). TrainingFraud-related Training Enter the currency value of total fraud-relatedtraining costs incurred Costs by user's organization (per month,quarter, or year). Other Operating Expenses Postal Costs Enter thecurrency value of the total postal costs, except for those associatedwith card replacements, associated with user's organization's fraudoperations (per month, quarter, or year). Copy/Fax/Print Costs Enter thecurrency value of the total copying/faxing/printing costs associatedwith user's organization's fraud operations (per month, quarter, oryear). Office Supply Costs Enter the currency value of the total officesupply costs associated with user's organization's fraud operations (permonth, quarter, or year). Other Costs Enter the currency value of anyother known operating expenses associated with user's organization'sfraud operations (per month, quarter, or year).

For merchant perspective, merchant inputs (FIGS. 7E and 7F) analogous tothe issuer inputs (FIGS. 7A and 7B) and the acquirer inputs (FIGS. 7Cand 7D), are entered into the electronic spreadsheet of the assessmentmodule 34 according to the embodiment. Under the General Parameters 301component, as shown in FIG. 6, a user enters/inputs general data such asLabel, period of financial data, currency format of input, number ofhours of a normal workday, the number of days of a normal work week(typically 5 days), the number of weeks in a normal work year, and netpre-tax profit margin rate, e.g., (total revenue minus total expenses)divided by (total sales volume plus cash volume).

Then, the user enters the Sales Unit Data 302 component for merchantinto the electronic spreadsheet of the assessment module 34.Categorically, the user inputs the Card Servicing 306 category under theSales Units Data 302 component. Specifically, the user enters each dataitem in the input categories of “Card Present”, “Card Not Present”,“Credit”, “Debit”, and “Other”. The definition for each data item to beentered into the Sales Unit Data 302 component is listed below in Table15.

TABLE 15 Sales Transactions Input Item Definition Card Present Number ofPoints of Enter the total number of card-accepting physical points ofsale (POS Sale devices and electronic cash registers) in use by user'sorganization. Number of Transactions Enter the average number ofcard-based transactions received at each per Point of Sale (avg)card-accepting physical point of sale (per month, quarter, or year).Card Not Present Number of Transactions Enter the total number ofcard-based transactions received by user's organization throughnon-physical channels (per month, quarter, or year). Recurring (%) Enterthe percentage of card-based transactions received by user'sorganization through non-physical channels that are accounted for byrecurring charge transactions. E-Commerce (%) Enter the percentage ofcard-based transactions received by user's organization throughnon-physical channels that are accounted for by E-Commerce transactions.Mail Order/Telephone Enter the percentage of card-based transactionsreceived by user's Order (%) organization through non-physical channelsthat are accounted for by mail order/telephone order (MOTO)transactions. Other (%) This field represents percentage of card-basedtransactions received by user's organization through non-physicalchannels that are accounted for other methods of payment acceptance. Itis calculated automatically based on the percentage of card basedtransactions received by user's organization through nonphysicalchannels that are accounted for by recurring charge, E-Commerce, andMOTO transactions. Credit Credit Card Transaction Enter the percentageof all transactions received by user's (%) organization that are paidwith a credit card. Value of Sales Enter the currency value of theaverage amount of a legitimate Transaction (avg) purchase transactionpaid with a credit card. Value of Fraud-related Enter the currency valueof the average amount of a fraudulent Sales Transaction (avg) purchasetransaction paid with a credit card. Debit Debit Card Transaction Enterthe percentage of all transactions received by user's (%) organizationthat are paid with a debit card. Value of Sales Enter the currency valueof the average amount of a legitimate Transaction (avg) purchasetransaction paid with a debit card. Value of Fraud-related Enter thecurrency value of the average amount of a fraudulent Sales Transaction(avg) purchase transaction paid with a debit card. Other OtherTransaction (%) This field represents the percentage of all transactionsreceived by user's organization that are paid using any other form ofpayment. It is calculated automatically based on the percentages of alltransactions received by user's organization that are paid using eithera credit or debit card. Value of Sales Enter the currency value of theaverage amount of a legitimate Transaction (avg) purchase transactionpaid using any other form of payment. Value of Fraud-related Enter thecurrency value of the average amount of a fraudulent Sales Transaction(avg) purchase transaction paid using any other form of payment.

Similarly, under the Operating Cost Data 304 component, the definitionfor each data item to be entered into the categories of Customer Service312, Fraud Operations 314, Human Resources 316, Overhead 318, Systemsand Services 320, and Operation Expense 322 is listed below in Tables16-21.

TABLE 16 Customer Service Input Item Definition Inbound Call ReceivedCost Enter the currency value of the average per-unit cost of receivingand (avg unit cost) processing a Customer Service inquiry, includingcalls for handling fraudulent transaction disputes Number of Inquiriesper Enter the average number of inquiries made to Customer Service for aFraud-related Dispute typical dispute related to a fraudulenttransaction (avg) Outbound Call Cost - Cable (avg Enter the currencyvalue of the average per-unit cost of placing an unit cost) outboundcall to customers through cable/land based phone lines. Number of Callsper Enter the average number of cable/land-line outbound calls placed toFraud-related Dispute - customers for a typical dispute related to afraudulent transaction Cable (avg) Call Cost - Mobile (avg Enter thecurrency value of the average per-unit cost of placing an unit cost)outbound mobile call to customers Number of Calls per Enter the averagenumber of mobile outbound calls placed to Fraud-related Dispute -customers for a typical dispute related to a fraudulent transactionMobile (avg)

TABLE 17 Fraud Operations Input Item Definition What % of Loss Enter thepercentage of user's Loss Prevention activities accounted for Preventionis by operations carried out to specifically support fraud attributableto Fraud prevention/detection concerns. Operations? Authorization Valueof Incorrect Enter the currency value of transactions declined by theIssuer for Declines - Issuer known blocking (direct authorizationdeclines as well as referral declines) considered by user's organizationto be incorrectly declined (per month, quarter, or year). Value ofIncorrect Enter the currency value of transactions declined by theMerchant Declines - Merchant directly for failing the Order Screeningprocess considered by user's organization to be incorrectly declined(per month, quarter, or year). Recoveries &Chargeoffs Number of DisputesEnter the total number of customer disputes received (per month,quarter, or year). Fraud-related Disputes Enter the percentage of allcustomer disputes initiated by fraudulent (%) transactions Number ofFraud- Enter the total number of chargebacks received (per month,quarter, or related Chargebacks year) for fraudulent/unauthorized carduse. Value of Fraud-related Enter the currency value of the averageamount of a chargeback Chargeback (avg) received forfraudulent/unauthorized card use. Number of Fraud Enter the total numberof claims received (per month, quarter, or year) Claims Directly forfraudulent/unauthorized transactions that are not disputed throughCredited the bankcard process (i.e., are directly credited back to theclaimant). Value of Fraud Claims Enter the total currency value ofclaims received (per month, quarter, Directly Credited or year) forfraudulent/unauthorized transactions that are not disputed through thebankcard process (i.e., are directly credited back to the claimant).Value of Fraud Enter the average total currency value of insurancerecoveries Insurance Recoveries resulting from fraudulent orunauthorized user activity (per month, (avg) quarter, or year). OtherValue of Fraud-related Enter the currency value of the total cost oflegal fees (per month, Legal Fees quarter, or year), including counseland prosecution, resulting from fraudulent/unauthorized activity orcompromised accounts. Value of Fraud Enter the currency value of thecost of fraud insurance premiums (per Insurance Premiums month, quarter,or year). Value of Fraud-related If any specific Opportunity Costs areknown to be incurred by user's Opportunity Costs organization resultingfrom fraudulent or unauthorized activity, enter the gross currencyamount. Example: As a Merchant recognize that a simple referral may leada certain percentage of customers to abandon their transactionsaltogether, as opposed to either switching payment methods or completingthe referral process. The user also recognizes that, while a majority ofthese customers are likely fraudsters to begin with, a small percentageof them are indeed legitimate. Hence the user has devised a method ofapproximating the value of user's lost sales resulting from referralsfor legitimate customers. The user would enter that value (per month,quarter, or year) in this field. Value of Other Fraud Enter the currencyvalue of the total amount of any other known costs Losses associatedwith user's organization's direct fraud operations (per month, quarter,or year).

TABLE 18 Human Resources Input Item Definition Are staff costs reportedSelect “Yes” to report all fraud staff costs on a fully-loaded (singleline) on a fully loaded/all- basis. inclusive basis? Select “No” toreport staff salaries, benefits, and taxes separately from any otherknown costs. Loss Prevention If reporting staff costs on a fully-loadedbasis, enter the currency value Analysis Staff Costs of total averagecost per Loss Prevention Analysis Staff (per hour, day, (avg) week,month, or year). If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis,enter the currency value of the average sum of salary, benefit, and taxcosts per Loss Prevention Analysis Staff (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). Other Loss Prevention If reporting staff costs on a fully-loadedbasis, this input field is not Analysis Staff available. Costs (avg) Ifnot reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currencyvalue of the average sum of all other known costs per Loss PreventionAnalysis Staff (per hour, day, week, month, or year). Copy RequestAnalysis If reporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter thecurrency value Staff Costs (avg) of total average cost per Copy RequestAnalysis Staff (per hour, day, week, month, or year). If not reportingstaff costs on a fully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of theaverage sum of salary, benefit, and tax costs per Copy Requests AnalysisStaff (per hour, day, week, month, or year). Other Copy Request Ifreporting staff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is notAnalysis Staff Costs available. (avg) If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum of allother known costs per Copy Request Analysis Staff (per hour, day, week,month, or year). Loss Prevention If reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value Management Staff of totalaverage cost per Loss Prevention Management Staff (per hour, Costs (avg)day, week, month, or year). If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum ofsalary, benefit, and tax costs per Loss Prevention Management Staff (perhour, day, week, month, or year). Other Loss Prevention If reportingstaff costs on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is not Managementavailable. Staff Costs (avg) If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum of allother known costs per Loss Prevention Management Staff (per hour, day,week, month, or year). Copy Request If reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value Management Staff of totalaverage cost per Copy Request Management Staff (per hour, Costs (avg)day, week, month, or year). If not reporting staff costs on afully-loaded basis, enter the currency value of the average sum ofsalary, benefit, and tax costs per Copy Request Management Staff (perhour, day, week, month, or year). Other Copy Request If reporting staffcosts on a fully-loaded basis, this input field is not Management Staffavailable. Costs (avg) If not reporting staff costs on a fully-loadedbasis, enter the currency value of the average sum of all other knowncosts per Copy Request Management Staff (per hour, day, week, month, oryear). Analysis Number of Loss Enter the total number of full-timeequivalent Loss Prevention Analysts Prevention Analysts employed (to thenearest tenth of an employee). (FTE) Number of Copy Enter the totalnumber of full-time equivalent Copy Request Analysts Request Analysts(FTE) employed (to the nearest tenth of an employee). Management Numberof Loss Enter the total number of full-time equivalent Loss PreventionPrevention Managers Managers employed (to the nearest tenth of anemployee). (FTE) Number of Copy Enter the total number of full-timeequivalent Copy Request Managers Request Managers employed (to thenearest tenth of an employee). (FTE)

TABLE 19 Overhead Input Item Definition What % of Facilities is Enterthe percentage allocation of user's facilities space reserved forattributable to Loss Loss Prevention activities. Prevention? FacilitiesRent/Lease Costs Enter the currency value of the Rent/Lease costs ofuser's organization's facilities (per month, quarter, year, squarefoot/meter, or employee). Computer Equipment Enter the currency value ofuser's organization's general Computer Costs Equipment costs (per month,quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee). Utilities Costs Enterthe currency value of the Utilities costs of user's organization'sfacilities (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, or employee).Telephone Costs Enter the currency value of user's organization'sTelephone costs (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Other Costs Enter the currency value of user's organization'sother Overhead costs (per month, quarter, year, square foot/meter, oremployee). Facility Size (square Enter the total size of user'sorganization's facilities in square feet/meters) feet/meters. If none ofuser's organization's overhead expenses are measured on a per squarefoot/meter basis, the user may leave this field blank. Loss PreventionRent/Lease Costs The currency value of this field is calculatedautomatically based on user's facilities' Rent/Lease costs, facilitiesallocation towards Loss Prevention activities, number of FTE LossPrevention staff (if applicable), and facility size (if applicable).Computer Equipment The currency value of this field is calculatedautomatically based on Costs user's facilities' general ComputerEquipment costs, facilities allocation towards Loss Preventionactivities, number of FTE Loss Prevention staff (if applicable), andfacility size (if applicable). Utilities Costs The currency value ofthis field is calculated automatically based on user's facilities'Utilities costs, facilities allocation towards Loss Preventionactivities, number of FTE Loss Prevention staff (if applicable), andfacility size (if applicable). Telephone Costs The currency value ofthis field is calculated automatically based on user's facilities'Telephone costs, facilities allocation towards Loss Preventionactivities, number of FTE Loss Prevention staff (if applicable), andfacility size (if applicable). Other Costs The currency value of thisfield is calculated automatically based on user's facilities' Otheroverhead costs, facilities allocation towards Loss Preventionactivities, number of FTE Loss Prevention staff (if applicable), andfacility size (if applicable). Misc. Loss Prevention Enter the currencyvalue of any other known general Loss Prevention Costs tools, systems,services, subscriptions, or other expenses incurred by user'sorganization (per month, quarter, or year). Fraud Operations Rent/LeaseCosts The currency value of this field is calculated automatically basedon Loss Prevention equivalent Rent/Lease costs and Loss Preventionallocation towards Fraud Operations. Computer Equipment The currencyvalue of this field is calculated automatically based on Costs LossPrevention equivalent general Computer Equipment costs and LossPrevention allocation towards Fraud Operations. Utilities Costs Thecurrency value of this field is calculated automatically based on LossPrevention equivalent Utilities costs and Loss Prevention allocationtowards Fraud Operations. Telephone Costs The currency value of thisfield is calculated automatically based on Loss Prevention equivalentTelephone costs and Loss Prevention allocation towards Fraud Operations.Other Costs The currency value of this field is calculated automaticallybased on Loss Prevention equivalent Other overhead costs and LossPrevention allocation towards Fraud Operations. Misc. Fraud The currencyvalue of this field is calculated automatically based on ManagementCosts Miscellaneous Loss Prevention costs and Loss Prevention allocationtowards Fraud Operations.

TABLE 20 Systems &Services Input Item Definition In-House PayerAuthentication Depreciation Costs Enter the currency value of totaldepreciation costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's Payer Authentication system, such as Verified by Visa(VbV). Licensing Costs Enter the currency value of total licensing costs(per month, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization'sPayer Authentication system, such as Verified by Visa (VbV). HardwareCosts Enter the currency value of total hardware costs (per month,quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's PayerAuthentication system, such as Verified by Visa (VbV). Maintenance CostsEnter the currency value of total maintenance costs (per month, quarter,or year) associated with user's organization's Payer Authenticationsystem, such as Verified by Visa (VbV). Staff Costs (FTE) Enter thecurrency value of total equivalent IT staff costs (per month, quarter,or year) associated with user's organization's Payer Authenticationsystem, such as Verified by Visa (VbV). Transaction Fees Enter thecurrency value of the total transaction fees (per month, quarter, oryear) associated with user's organization's Payer Authentication system,such as Verified by Visa (VbV). Other Costs Enter the currency value oftotal of any other costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated withuser's organization's Payer Authentication system, such as Verified byVisa (VbV). Dispute Management Depreciation Costs Enter the currencyvalue of total depreciation costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's Dispute/Copy Request Managementsystem. Licensing Costs Enter the currency value of total licensingcosts (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's Dispute/Copy Request Management system. Hardware CostsEnter the currency value of total hardware costs (per month, quarter, oryear) associated with user's organization's Dispute/Copy RequestManagement system. Maintenance Costs Enter the currency value of totalmaintenance costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's Dispute/Copy Request Management system. Staff Costs (FTE)Enter the currency value of total equivalent IT staff costs (per month,quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's Dispute/CopyRequest Management system. Transaction Fees Enter the currency value ofthe total transaction fees (per month, quarter, or year) associated withuser's organization's Dispute/Copy Request Management system. OtherCosts Enter the currency value of total of any other costs (per month,quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's Dispute/CopyRequest Management system. Other Depreciation Costs Enter the currencyvalue of total depreciation costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's other fraud prevention/detectionsystem(s), such as IP Geolocation, Velocity Monitoring, and customdecision models. Licensing Costs Enter the currency value of totallicensing costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's other fraud prevention/detection system(s), such as IPGeolocation, Velocity Monitoring, and custom decision models. HardwareCosts Enter the currency value of total hardware costs (per month,quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's other fraudprevention/detection system(s), such as IP Geolocation, VelocityMonitoring, and custom decision models. Maintenance Costs Enter thecurrency value of total maintenance costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's other fraud prevention/detectionsystem(s), such as IP Geolocation, Velocity Monitoring, and customdecision models. Staff Costs (FTE) Enter the currency value of totalequivalent IT staff costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated withuser's organization's other fraud prevention/detection system(s), suchas IP Geolocation, Velocity Monitoring, and custom decision models.Transaction Fees Enter the currency value of the total transaction fees(per month, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization'sother fraud prevention/detection system(s), such as IP Geolocation,Velocity Monitoring, and custom decision models. Other Costs Enter thecurrency value of total of any other costs (per month, quarter, or year)associated with user's organization's other fraud prevention/detectionsystem(s), such as IP Geolocation, Velocity Monitoring, and customdecision models. Outsourced Address Verification Licensing Costs Enterthe currency value of total licensing costs (per month, quarter, oryear) associated with user's organization's use of external AddressVerification system(s). Hardware Costs Enter the currency value of totalhardware costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's use of external Address Verification system(s), includingrequired inhouse networking equipment, servers, and other hardwarerequired for efficient use of the external system(s). Maintenance CostsEnter the currency value of total maintenance costs (per month, quarter,or year) associated with user's organization's use of external AddressVerification system(s). Transaction Fees Enter the currency value of thetotal transaction fees (per month, quarter, or year) associated withuser's organization's use of external Address Verification system(s).Other Costs Enter the currency value of total of any other costs (permonth, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's use ofexternal Address Verification system(s). Card Verification LicensingCosts Enter the currency value of total licensing costs (per month,quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's use of externalCard Verification system(s). Hardware Costs Enter the currency value oftotal hardware costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated withuser's organization's use of external Card Verification system(s),including required in-house networking equipment, servers, and otherhardware required for efficient use of the external system(s).Maintenance Costs Enter the currency value of total maintenance costs(per month, quarter, or year) associated with user's organization's useof external Card Verification system(s). Transaction Fees Enter thecurrency value of the total transaction fees (per month, quarter, oryear) associated with user's organization's use of external CardVerification system(s). Other Costs Enter the currency value of total ofany other costs (per month, quarter, or year) associated with user'sorganization's use of external Card Verification system(s). Value ofManaged Enter the currency value of any externally managed fraudscreens, Fraud Prevention negative lists, or other prevention/detectionservices utilized by user's Services organization (per month, quarter,or year). Value of External Enter the currency value of any externallymanaged Decision Models behavioral/decision models utilized by user'sorganization (per month, quarter, or year).

TABLE 21 Operating Expenses Input Item Definition Compliance InformationValue of Enter the currency value of compliance-related investments madein Security Technology software, hardware, and general technologies toimprove information Investments security (per month, quarter, or year).Compliance Audit Enter the currency value of the costs ofcompliance-related audits Costs performed (per month, quarter, or year).Scan Costs Enter the currency value of the costs of compliance-relatedscans performed (per month, quarter, or year). Value of Fines & Enterthe currency value of total card association fines and penaltiesPenalties incurred as a result of partial or non-compliance toestablished information security standards (per month, quarter, oryear). Other Compliance Enter the currency value of any other knowncompliance related Costs expenses incurred associated with user'sorganization's fraud operations (per month, quarter, or year). TrainingFraud-related Training Enter the currency value of total fraud-relatedtraining costs incurred Costs by user's organization (per month,quarter, or year). Value of General/Other The currency value of thisfield is calculated automatically based on Fraud-related Loss othergeneral Loss Prevention systems/services costs and Loss PreventionPrevention allocation towards Fraud Operations. Other Operating ExpensesPostal Costs Enter the currency value of the total postal costsassociated with user's organization's Loss Prevention activities (permonth, quarter, or year). Fraud-related Postal The currency value ofthis field is calculated automatically based on Costs Loss Preventionpostal costs and Loss Prevention allocation towards Fraud Operations.Copy/Fax/Print Costs Enter the currency value of the totalcopying/faxing/printing costs associated with user's organization's LossPrevention activities (per month, quarter, or year). Fraud-related Thecurrency value of this field is calculated automatically based onCopy/Fax/Print Costs Loss Prevention copy/fax/print costs and LossPrevention allocation towards Fraud Operations. Office Supply CostsEnter the currency value of the total office supply costs associatedwith user's organization's Loss Prevention activities (per month,quarter, or year). Fraud-related Office The currency value of this fieldis calculated automatically based on Supply Costs Loss Prevention officesupply costs and Loss Prevention allocation towards Fraud Operations.Other Costs Enter the currency value of any other known operatingexpenses associated with user's organization's Loss Preventionactivities (per month, quarter, or year). Other Fraud-related Thecurrency value of this field is calculated automatically based on Costsother Loss Prevention costs and Loss Prevention allocation towards FraudOperations.

As shown in FIG. 8A, based on the input data items related to an issuerthat have been entered, the assessment module 34 allocates portions ofthe same into the following components: Direct Fraud Cost 602 and FraudManagement Expense 604 and Opportunity Cost 612. The Direct Fraud Cost602 component includes Fraud Loss 606, and the First Party FriendlyFraud Cost 608 categories.

Fraud Loss 606 category (cost of payments fraud) relates to the cost forfraudulent use of cards by parties which is directly related to losses(net fraud chargeoffs) absorbed by a corresponding entity (issuer inthis case). An acquirer may calculate the Fraud Loss 606 as fraud lossesabsorbed by the acquirer which have been charged back from an issuer. Amerchant may calculate the Fraud Loss 606 as fraud losses absorbed fromits acquirer and the issuance of a reimbursement in response to directcontact from a cardholder, exclusive of credits against card accounts.

First Party Friendly Fraud Cost 608 relates to losses (net creditchargeoffs) directly attributable to an issuer's account holders'misrepresentation of usage (e.g., an unauthorized use of card by acardholder's family member) which have been absorbed by a correspondingissuer.

Aside from the Direct Fraud Cost 602, the assessment module 34 alsoallocates portions of the entered data items into the Fraud ManagementExpense 604 and the Opportunity Cost 612 component.

From an issuer perspective or an acquirer's perspective, FraudManagement Expense 604 relates to Cost of Fraud Prevention, FraudDetection, Fraud Investigation & Recoveries, and Other Operating Costs.From a merchant's perspective, Fraud Management Expense 804 relates tothe Cost of Fraud Prevention and Other Operational Costs.

Opportunity Cost 612 relates to activities associated with lost revenueopportunities as a result of fraud related activity or actions toprevent fraud, specifically the lost profit from reduction in salesincluding incorrect fraud-based declines, reduced acceptance, andreduced card usage.

Similarly, as illustrated in FIG. 8B, based on the input data itemsrelated to an acquirer that have been entered, the assessment module 34allocates portions of the same into the following components: DirectFraud Cost 702, Fraud Management Expense 704, and Opportunity Cost 712.The Direct Fraud Cost 702 component includes Fraud Loss 706 category.The Fraud Management Expense 704 component includes the Fraud OperatingCost 710 category.

FIG. 8C illustrates merchant data allocation based on the input dataitems that have been entered. The assessment module 34 allocatesportions of the same into the following components: Direct Fraud Cost802, Fraud Management Expense 804, and Opportunity Cost 812. The DirectFraud Cost 802 component includes Fraud Loss 806 category. The FraudManagement Expense 804 component includes the Fraud Operating 812category.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example fraud report showing the allocated costsfor the various components of the total cost of fraud for an issuer. Thesummary report shows actual allocated dollar values of various fraudcosts as described in FIG. 8 as well as the total cost of fraud($5,315,265.28). The report also shows each cost component as apercentage of the total fraud cost. For example, the report shows thatthe issuer's fraud operating cost of $4,889,244.68 is 91.98% of thetotal while the direct fraud loss from the net chargeoff (totaldefrauded amount) of $89,000 is only 1.67% of the total. As can beappreciated by persons of ordinary skill in the art, the direct fraudloss from the net chargeoff (total defrauded amount) is only a fewpercentage of the total cost of fraud. Thus, the present inventionillustrates that analyzing fraud in terms of only the actual defraudedamount drastically underestimates the true cost of fraud. The allocationcalculations will be described in detail later herein.

FIG. 10 depicts the allocation of data items into Opportunity Cost 612in more detail. Specifically, the Opportunity Cost 612 is defined asLost Revenue 624 multiplied by Profit Margin 626. Lost Revenue 624 inturn is organized into three parts: Incorrect Decline 630, CustomerReluctance 632, and Card Unavailable 634.

Incorrect Decline 630 is revenues lost from incorrect authorizationdeclines for fraud-based policies or referrals, including transactionsdeclined directly and transactions declined following a referral.Customer Reluctance 632 is revenues lost from account usage reductiondue to decreased customer confidence as a result of cardholder fraudexperience, including fraud and compromised accounts. Card Unavailable634 is revenues lost due to card replacement period, including fraud andcompromised accounts.

Drilling down further, Incorrect Decline 630 is a sum of Revenue LossDue to Direct Declines 636 (sum of Fraud Component 638 and CompromisedAccount Component 640) and Revenue Loss Due to Declined Referrals 642(sum of Fraud Component 644 and Compromised Account Component 646).

Customer Reluctance 632 includes Revenue Loss Due to Account UsageReduction 648 (sum of Fraud Component 650 and Compromised AccountComponent 652). Similarly, Card Unavailable 634 which is defined asRevenue Loss Due to Card Replacement Period 654 is a sum of FraudComponent 656 and Compromised Account Component 658.

Having described the assessment management system's allocation ingeneral, outputs of the Issuer Data Allocation will now be describedwith respect to FIGS. 11A and 11B. In this particular embodiment, alloutputs are calculated using annualized numbers where applicable. Eachcalculation performed is further tailored in the following two ways:First, each calculation is adjusted to reflect desired reporting period(if other than annual). Second, each calculation is converted to USDollar equivalent (if originally reported in other currency). Followingis a summary of how each output/result field is calculated.

As noted above in FIGS. 8A and 9, the Issuer Data Allocation 600 isorganized into the following categories: Fraud Losses 606, and FirstParty (“Friendly”) Fraud 608 which are Direct Fraud Cost 602, FraudOperating Cost 610 which is Fraud Management Expense 604, andOpportunity Costs 612. The Fraud Operating Cost 610 category is furtherbroken down to Fraud Prevention, Fraud Detection, Fraud Investigation &Recoveries and Other Operational Costs sub-categories.

For each category and sub-category, FIGS. 11A and 11B list all of theoutput items that are generated. The definition and formula for eachoutput item is listed in Tables 22-28 below.

TABLE 22 Fraud Losses Net Fraud Chargeoffs Gross Fraud Gross fraudchargeoffs (annualized) Chargeoffs Value of Chargeback If cardholderfraud responsibility is reported as an amount: number of Recoveries -fraud cases reported (annualized) * [(cardholder fraud responsibility −Cardholder amount of cardholder fraud responsibility unrecovered)] Ifcardholder fraud responsibility is reported as a percentage: [(number offraud cases reported (annualized)) * (value of fraud case)] − [(numberof fraud cases reported (annualized)) * (value of fraud case) *percentage of cardholder fraud responsibility unrecovered] Multiplied by−1 to display as a negative figure. Value of Chargeback Value ofFraud-related Merchant Chargebacks (annualized) − Value of Recoveries -Merchant Fraud-related Representments (annualized) Multiplied by −1 todisplay as a negative figure. Value of Fraud Value of Fraud InsuranceRecoveries (annualized) Insurance Recoveries Multiplied by −1 to displayas a negative figure.

TABLE 23 Fraud Prevention Staff Analysis Analysis A corresponding valueis displayed on this line number only if input option to reportfully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost of PreventionAnalysts (annualized) * number of Prevention Analysts Earnings,benefits, A corresponding value is displayed on this line number only ifinput and taxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is notselected. Average cost of earnings, benefits, and taxes for PreventionAnalysts (annualized) * number of Prevention Analysts Other Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average othercosts for Prevention Analysts (annualized) * number of PreventionAnalysts Authorization System Depreciation % of Authorization Systemsuse attributable to Fraud * Depreciation expense of AuthorizationSystems (annualized) Licensing % of Authorization Systems useattributable to Fraud * Licensing expense of Authorization Systems(annualized) Hardware % of Authorization Systems use attributable toFraud * Hardware expense of Authorization Systems (annualized)Maintenance % of Authorization Systems use attributable to Fraud *Maintenance expense of Authorization Systems (annualized) IT Staff % ofAuthorization Systems use attributable to Fraud * Staff (FTE) expense ofAuthorization Systems (annualized) Other % of Authorization Systems useattributable to Fraud * Other expenses of Authorization Systems(annualized) PIN Management System Depreciation Depreciation expense ofPIN Management Systems (annualized) Licensing Licensing expense of PINManagement Systems (annualized) Hardware Hardware expense of PINManagement Systems (annualized) Maintenance Maintenance expense of PINManagement Systems (annualized) IT Staff Staff (FTE) expense of PINManagement Systems (annualized) Other Other expenses of PIN ManagementSystems (annualized) Overhead Rent/Lease IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in a commonfacility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Preventionactivities * Common facility's rent/lease expense (annualized) If commonfacility's rent/lease expense is reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expense per square foot/meter *size of Prevention facilities in square feet/meters If common facility'srent/lease expense is reported on a per-employee basis: Cost offacility's rent/lease expense per employee * total number ofstaff/employees in Prevention function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Rent/lease expense ofPrevention facilities (annualized) If Prevention facility's rent/leaseexpense is reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility'srent/lease expense per square foot/meter * size of Prevention facilityin square feet/meters If Prevention facility's rent/lease expense isreported on a per employee basis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expenseper employee * total number of staff/employees in Prevention functionComputer If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in acommon Equipment facility: % allocation of the facility's usage toPrevention activities * Common facility's computer equipment expense(annualized) If common facility's computer equipment expense is reportedon a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computer equipmentexpense per square foot/meter * size of Prevention facilities in squarefeet/meters If common facility's computer equipment expense is reportedon a per employee basis: Cost of facility's computer equipment expenseper employee * total number of staff/employees in Prevention function IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in separatefacilities: Computer equipment expense of Prevention facilities(annualized) If Prevention facility's computer equipment expense isreported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computerequipment expense per square foot/meter * size of Prevention facility insquare feet/meters If Prevention facility's computer equipment expenseis reported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's computerequipment expense per employee * total number of staff/employees inPrevention function Utilities If Prevention/Detection/Recovery effortsare conducted in a common facility: % allocation of the facility's usageto Prevention activities * Common facility's utilities expense(annualized) If common facility's utilities expense is reported on a persquare foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's utilities expense per squarefoot/meter * size of Prevention facilities in square feet/meters Ifcommon facility's utilities expense is reported on a per-employee basis:Cost of facility's utilities expense per employee * total number ofstaff/employees in Prevention function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Utilities expense ofPrevention facilities (annualized) If Prevention facility's utilitiesexpense is reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility'sutilities expense per square foot/meter * size of Prevention facility insquare feet/meters If Prevention facility's utilities expense isreported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's utilities expenseper employee * total number of staff/employees in Prevention functionTelephone If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in acommon facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Preventionactivities * Common facility's telephone expenses (annualized) If commonfacility's telephone expenses are reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter *size of Prevention facilities in square feet/meters If common facility'stelephone expenses are reported on a per employee basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per employee * total number ofstaff/employees in Prevention function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Telephone expenses ofPrevention facilities (annualized) If Prevention facility's telephoneexpenses are reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter * size of Preventionfacility in square feet/meters If Prevention facility's telephoneexpenses are reported on a per employee basis: Cost of facility'stelephone expenses per employee * total number of staff/employees inPrevention function Other If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts areconducted in a common facility: % allocation of the facility's usage toPrevention activities * Common facility's other expenses (annualized) Ifcommon facility's other expenses are reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's other expenses per square foot/meter * size ofPrevention facilities in square feet/meters If common facility's otherexpenses are reported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's otherexpenses per employee * total number of staff/employees in Preventionfunction If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted inseparate facilities: Other expenses of Prevention facilities(annualized) If Prevention facility's other expenses are reported on aper square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's other expenses persquare foot/meter * size of Prevention facility in square feet/meters IfPrevention facility's other expenses are reported on a per-employeebasis: Cost of facility's other expenses per employee * total number ofstaff/employees in Prevention function

TABLE 24 Fraud Detection Staff Alert Management Alert Management Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost ofAlert Staff (annualized) * number of Alert Staff Earnings, benefits, Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if input andtaxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Averagecost of earnings, benefits, and taxes for Alert Staff (annualized) *number of Alert Staff Other A corresponding value is displayed on thisline number only if input option to report fully-loaded staff costs isnot selected. Average other costs for Alert Staff (annualized) * numberof Alert Staff Administrative Administrative A corresponding value isdisplayed on this line number only if input option to reportfully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost of AdministrativeAssistants (annualized) * number of Administrative Assistants Earnings,benefits, A corresponding value is displayed on this line number only ifinput and taxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is notselected. Average cost of earnings, benefits, and taxes forAdministrative Assistants (annualized) * number of AdministrativeAssistants Other A corresponding value is displayed on this line numberonly if input option to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected.Average other costs for Administrative Assistants (annualized) * numberof Administrative Assistants Chargeback Chargeback A corresponding valueis displayed on this line number only if input option to reportfully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost of DetectionSpecialists (annualized) * number of Detection Specialists Earnings,benefits, A corresponding value is displayed on this line number only ifinput and taxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is notselected. Average cost of earnings, benefits, and taxes for DetectionSpecialists (annualized) * number of Detection Specialists Other Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average othercosts for Detection Specialists (annualized) * number of DetectionSpecialists Supervisory Supervisory A corresponding value is displayedon this line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staffcosts is selected. Average cost of Detection Supervisors (annualized) *number of Detection Supervisors Earnings, benefits, A correspondingvalue is displayed on this line number only if input and taxes option toreport fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average cost ofearnings, benefits, and taxes for Detection Supervisors (annualized) *number of Detection Supervisors Other A corresponding value is displayedon this line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staffcosts is not selected. Average other costs for Detection Supervisors(annualized) * number of Detection Supervisors Management Management Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost ofFraud Managers (annualized) * number of Fraud Managers Earnings,benefits, A corresponding value is displayed on this line number only ifinput and taxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is notselected. Average cost of earnings, benefits, and taxes for FraudManagers (annualized) * number of Fraud Managers Other A correspondingvalue is displayed on this line number only if input option to reportfully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average other costs for FraudManagers (annualized) * number of Fraud Managers Fraud Detection SystemDepreciation Depreciation expense of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) Licensing Licensing expense of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) Hardware Hardware expense of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) Maintenance Maintenance expense of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) IT Staff Staff (FTE) expense of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) Other Other expenses of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) Fraud Analysis System Depreciation Depreciation expense ofFraud Analysis Systems (annualized) Licensing Licensing expense of FraudAnalysis Systems (annualized) Hardware Hardware expense of FraudAnalysis Systems (annualized) Maintenance Maintenance expense of FraudAnalysis Systems (annualized) IT Staff Staff (FTE) expense of FraudAnalysis Systems (annualized) Other Other expenses of Fraud AnalysisSystems (annualized) Overhead Rent/Lease IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in a commonfacility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Detection activities *Common facility's rent/lease expense (annualized) If common facility'srent/lease expense is reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost offacility's rent/lease expense per square foot/meter * size of Detectionfacilities in square feet/meters If common facility's rent/lease expenseis reported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's rent/leaseexpense per employee * total number of staff/employees in Detectionfunction If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted inseparate facilities: Rent/lease expense of Detection facilities(annualized) If Prevention facility's rent/lease expense is reported ona per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expense persquare foot/meter * size of Detection facility in square feet/meters IfDetection facility's rent/lease expense is reported on a per-employeebasis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expense per employee * total numberof staff/employees in Detection function Computer Equipment IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in a commonfacility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Detection activities *Common facility's computer equipment expense (annualized) If commonfacility's computer equipment expense is reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computer equipment expense persquare foot/meter * size of Detection facilities in square feet/metersIf common facility's computer equipment expense is reported on a peremployee basis: Cost of facility's computer equipment expense peremployee * total number of staff/employees in Detection function IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in separatefacilities: Computer equipment expense of Detection facilities(annualized) If Detection facility's computer equipment expense isreported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computerequipment expense per square foot/meter * size of Detection facility insquare feet/meters If Detection facility's computer equipment expense isreported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's computer equipmentexpense per employee * total number of staff/employees in Detectionfunction Utilities If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts areconducted in a common facility: % allocation of the facility's usage toDetection activities * Common facility's utilities expense (annualized)If common facility's utilities expense is reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's utilities expense per squarefoot/meter * size of Detection facilities in square feet/meters Ifcommon facility's utilities expense is reported on a per-employee basis:Cost of facility's utilities expense per employee * total number ofstaff/employees in Detection function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Utilities expense ofDetection facilities (annualized) If Detection facility's utilitiesexpense is reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility'sutilities expense per square foot/meter * size of Detection facility insquare feet/meters If Detection facility's utilities expense is reportedon a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's utilities expense peremployee * total number of staff/employees in Detection functionTelephone If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in acommon facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Detectionactivities * Common facility's telephone expenses (annualized) If commonfacility's telephone expenses are reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter *size of Detection facilities in square feet/meters If common facility'stelephone expenses are reported on a per Total employee basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per employee * total number ofstaff/employees in Detection function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Telephone expenses ofDetection facilities (annualized) If Detection facility's telephoneexpenses are reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter * size of Detectionfacility in square feet/meters If Detection facility's telephoneexpenses are reported on a per employee basis: Cost of facility'stelephone expenses per employee * total number of staff/employees inDetection function Other If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts areconducted in a common facility: % allocation of the facility's usage toDetection activities * Common facility's other expenses (annualized) Ifcommon facility's other expenses are reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's other expenses per square foot/meter * size ofDetection facilities in square feet/meters If common facility's otherexpenses are reported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's otherexpenses per employee * total number of staff/employees in Detectionfunction If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted inseparate facilities: Other expenses of Detection facilities (annualized)If Detection facility's other expenses are reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's other expenses per squarefoot/meter * size of Detection facility in square feet/meters IfDetection facility's other expenses are reported on a per-employeebasis: Cost of facility's other expenses per employee * total number ofstaff/employees in Detection function

TABLE 25 Fraud Investigation &Recoveries Staff AdministrativeAdministrative A corresponding value is displayed on this line numberonly if input option to report fully-loaded staff costs is selected.Average cost of Administrative Assistants (annualized) * number ofAdministrative Assistants Earnings, benefits, and A corresponding valueis displayed on this line number only if input taxes option to reportfully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average cost of earnings,benefits, and taxes for Administrative Assistants (annualized) * numberof Administrative Assistants Other A corresponding value is displayed onthis line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staff costsis not selected. Average other costs for Administrative Assistants(annualized) * number of Administrative Assistants Chargeback ChargebackA corresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost ofRecovery Specialists (annualized) * number of Recovery SpecialistsEarnings, benefits, and A corresponding value is displayed on this linenumber only if input taxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs isnot selected. Average cost of earnings, benefits, and taxes for RecoverySpecialists (annualized) * number of Recovery Specialists Other Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average othercosts for Recovery Specialists (annualized) * number of RecoverySpecialists Supervisory Supervisory A corresponding value is displayedon this line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staffcosts is selected. Average cost of Recovery Supervisors (annualized) *number of Recovery Supervisors Earnings, benefits, A corresponding valueis displayed on this line number only if input and taxes option toreport fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average cost ofearnings, benefits, and taxes for Recovery Supervisors (annualized) *number of Recovery Supervisors Other A corresponding value is displayedon this line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staffcosts is not selected. Average other costs for Recovery Supervisors(annualized) * number of Recovery Supervisors Chargeback ManagementSystem Depreciation % of Chargeback Management Systems use attributableto Fraud * Depreciation expense of Chargeback Management Systems(annualized) Licensing % of Chargeback Management Systems useattributable to Fraud * Licensing expense of Chargeback ManagementSystems (annualized) Hardware % of Chargeback Management Systems useattributable to Fraud * Hardware expense of Chargeback ManagementSystems (annualized) Maintenance % of Chargeback Management Systems useattributable to Fraud * Maintenance expense of Chargeback ManagementSystems (annualized) IT Staff % of Chargeback Management Systems useattributable to Fraud * Staff (FTE) expense of Chargeback ManagementSystems (annualized) Other % of Chargeback Management Systems useattributable to Fraud * Other expenses of Chargeback Management Systems(annualized) Overhead Rent/Lease If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in a common facility: % allocation of thefacility's usage to Recovery activities * Common facility's rent/leaseexpense (annualized) If common facility's rent/lease expense is reportedon a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expenseper square foot/meter * size of Recovery facilities in squarefeet/meters If common facility's rent/lease expense is reported on aper- employee basis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expense peremployee * total number of staff/employees in Recovery function IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in separatefacilities: Rent/lease expense of Recovery facilities (annualized) IfRecovery facility's rent/lease expense is reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expense per squarefoot/meter * size of Recovery facility in square feet/meters If Recoveryfacility's rent/lease expense is reported on a per- employee basis: Costof facility's rent/lease expense per employee * total number ofstaff/employees in Recovery function Computer IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in a commonEquipment facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Recoveryactivities * Common facility's computer equipment expense (annualized)If common facility's computer equipment expense is reported on a persquare foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computer equipment expenseper square foot/meter * size of Recovery facilities in squarefeet/meters If common facility's computer equipment expense is reportedon a per employee basis: Cost of facility's computer equipment expenseper employee * total number of staff/employees in Recovery function IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in separatefacilities: Computer equipment expense of Recovery facilities(annualized) If Recovery facility's computer equipment expense isreported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computerequipment expense per square foot/meter * size of Recovery facility insquare feet/meters If Recovery facility's computer equipment expense isreported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's computer equipmentexpense per employee * total number of staff/employees in Recoveryfunction Utilities If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts areconducted in a common facility: % allocation of the facility's usage toRecovery activities * Common facility's utilities expense (annualized)If common facility's utilities expense is reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's utilities expense per squarefoot/meter * size of Recovery facilities in square feet/meters If commonfacility's utilities expense is reported on a per-employee basis: Costof facility's utilities expense per employee * total number ofstaff/employees in Recovery function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Utilities expense ofRecovery facilities (annualized) If Recovery facility's utilitiesexpense is reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility'sutilities expense per square foot/meter * size of Recovery facility insquare feet/meters If Recovery facility's utilities expense is reportedon a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's utilities expense peremployee * total number of staff/employees in Recovery functionTelephone If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in acommon facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Recoveryactivities * Common facility's telephone expenses (annualized) If commonfacility's telephone expenses are reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter *size of Recovery facilities in square feet/meters If common facility'stelephone expenses are reported on a per employee basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per employee * total number ofstaff/employees in Recovery function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Telephone expenses ofRecovery facilities (annualized) If Recovery facility's telephoneexpenses are reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter * size of Recoveryfacility in square feet/meters If Recovery facility's telephone expensesare reported on a per employee basis: Cost of facility's telephoneexpenses per employee * total number of staff/employees in Recoveryfunction Other If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted ina common facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Recoveryactivities * Common facility's other expenses (annualized) If commonfacility's other expenses are reported on a per square foot/meter basis:Cost of facility's other expenses per square foot/meter * size ofRecovery facilities in square feet/meters If common facility's otherexpenses are reported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's otherexpenses per employee * total number of staff/employees in Recoveryfunction If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted inseparate facilities: Other expenses of Recovery facilities (annualized)If Recovery facility's other expenses are reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's other expenses per squarefoot/meter * size of Recovery facility in square feet/meters If Recoveryfacility's other expenses are reported on a per-employee basis: Cost offacility's other expenses per employee * total number of staff/employeesin Recovery function Legal Fees Fraud-Related Legal Fees Value of legalfees related to Fraud Operations (annualized) Fraud Insurance FraudInsurance Value of fraud insurance premiums (annualized) PremiumsOther/Miscellaneous Fraud Expenses Other Fraud Losses Other known costsof direct fraud operations (annualized)

TABLE 26 Other Operational Costs Customer Service Inbound Fraud-relatedCustomer [(Call received cost) Inbound] * number of inquiries per fraudcase * Inquiries number of fraud cases reported (annualized) CompromisedAccount- If accounts share common card numbers: related Fraud Inquiries[(Call received cost) Inbound] * number of inquiries per compromisedaccount * number of compromised account cases reported (annualized) *number of cards/number of accounts If accounts do not share common cardnumbers: [(Call received cost) Inbound] * number of inquiries percompromised account * number of compromised account cases reported(annualized) Outbound Cable-Based Calls to [(Call cost − cable)Outbound] * number of calls per fraud case − Support Fraud Cases cable *number of fraud cases reported (annualized) Cable-Based Calls to Ifaccounts share common card numbers: Support Compromised [(Call cost −cable) Outbound] * number of calls per fraud case − Accounts cable *number of compromised account cases reported (annualized) * number ofcards/number of accounts If accounts do not share common card numbers:[(Call cost − cable) Outbound] * number of calls per fraud case −cable * number of compromised account cases reported (annualized)Mobile-Based Calls [(Call cost − mobile) Outbound] * number of calls perfraud case − to Support Fraud mobile * number of fraud cases reported(annualized) Cases Mobile-Based Calls If accounts share common cardnumbers: to Support [(Call cost − mobile) Outbound] * number of callsper fraud case − Compromised mobile * number of compromised accountcases reported Accounts (annualized) * number of cards/number ofaccounts If accounts do not share common card numbers: [(Call cost −mobile) Outbound] * number of calls per fraud case − mobile * number ofcompromised account cases reported (annualized) PIN Delivery PINDelivery (Number of PINs delivered * PIN delivery costs − normal * PINsdelivered % − normal) + (Number of PINs delivered * PIN delivery costs −other * PINs delivered % − other) Bankcard Processing Authorization &[Authorization fee per transaction * ((number of declines Settlement(annualized) * fraud-related declines %) + (number of referrals(annualized) * fraud-related referrals %) + (Number of declines(annualized) * compromised account-related declines %) + (number ofreferrals (annualized) * compromised account-related referrals %) +(number of fraud cases reported (annualized) * number of transactionsper fraud case) + (number of compromised account cases reported(annualized) * number of fraudulent transactions per compromisedaccount))] + [Settlement fee per transaction * ((number of fraud casesreported (annualized) * number of transactions per fraud case) + (numberof compromised account cases reported (annualized) * number offraudulent transactions per compromised account))] Other Value offraud-related processing fees (annualized) Card Reissue/Replacement -Fraud Production Number of fraud cases reported (annualized) * [(cardproduction costs − Mag Stripe * % of Magnetic Stripe Cards) + (cardproduction costs − ICC * % of ICC Cards)] Delivery Number of fraud casesreported (annualized) * [(card delivery costs − normal * fraud-relatedcard delivery % − normal) + [(card delivery costs − expedited *fraud-related card delivery % − expedited)] Activation Number of fraudcases reported (annualized) * ((activation cost − IVR * cards activated− IVR method) + (activation cost − ATM * cards activated − ATM method) +(activation cost − letter * cards activated − letter method) +(activation cost − other * cards activated − other method)) Other Numberof fraud cases reported (annualized) * [(other costs) card replacement]Card Reissue/Replacement - Compromised Accounts Production If accountsshare common card numbers: Production costs per card * number ofcompromised account cases reported (annualized) * number of cards inportfolio/number of accounts in portfolio If accounts do not sharecommon card numbers: Production costs per card * Number of compromisedaccount cases reported (annualized) Delivery Number of compromisedaccount cases reported (annualized) * number of cards inportfolio/number of accounts in portfolio * [(card delivery costs −normal * fraud-related card delivery % − normal) + [(card delivery costs− expedited * fraud-related card delivery % − expedited)] Activation Ifaccounts share common card numbers: Number of compromised account casesreported (annualized) * number of cards/number of accounts *((activation cost − IVR * cards activated − IVR method) + (activationcost − ATM * cards activated − ATM method) + (activation cost − letter *cards activated − letter method) + (activation cost − other * cardsactivated − other method)) If accounts do not share common card numbers:Number of compromised account cases reported (annualized) * ((activationcost − IVR * cards activated − IVR method) + (activation cost − ATM *cards activated − ATM method) + (activation cost − letter * cardsactivated − letter method) + (activation cost − other * cards activated− other method)) Other If accounts share common card numbers: Number ofcompromised account cases reported (annualized) * [(other costs) cardreplacements] * number of cards/number of accounts If accounts do notshare common card numbers: Number of compromised account cases reported(annualized) * [(other costs) card replacements] Compliance InformationSecurity Value of technology investments (annualized) + compliance auditcosts (annualized) + scan costs (annualized) Fines &Penalties Value offines &penalties (annualized) Other Other compliance costs (annualized)Training Fraud-Related Training Fraud-related training costs(annualized) Operating Expenses Postal Postal/delivery expenses relatedto Fraud Operations, excluding those related to card replacementsCopy/Fax/Print Copying/faxing/printing expenses related to FraudOperations (annualized) Office Supplies Office supply expenses relatedto Fraud Operations (annualized) Other Telephone operating expensesrelated to Fraud Operations (annualized)

TABLE 27 First Party (“Friendly”) Fraud Cost of First Party Value of netcredit chargeoffs * first party fraud rate Fraud

TABLE 28 Opportunity Costs Lost Profits Lost Profits Lost Revenue *Profit Margin Lost Revenue Incorrect Declines + Customer Reluctance +Card Unavailable Lost Revenue Incorrect Declines Revenues lost fromincorrect authorization declines for fraud-based policies or referrals,including transactions declined directly and transactions declinedfollowing a referral: Revenues Lost Due to Direct Declines FraudComponent (Value of sales transaction (annualized) * revolving customerrate * annual interest rate charged * days to balance payoff * number ofdeclines (annualized) * fraud related declines (%) * incorrect fraudrelated declines (%)) + (value of sales transaction (annualized) *number of declines (annualized) * fraud related declines (%) * incorrectfraud related declines (%) * interchange fee rate) + (one of the twocalculations below) Compromised Account Component If accounts sharecommon card numbers: ((Value of sales transaction (annualized) *revolving customer rate * annual interest rate charged * days to balancepayoff * number of declines (annualized) * compromised account relateddeclines (%) * incorrect compromised account related declines (%)) +(value of sales transaction (annualized) * number of declines(annualized) * compromised account related declines (%) * incorrectcompromised account related declines (%) * interchange fee rate)) *number of cards/number of accounts If accounts do not share common cardnumbers: (Value of sales transaction (annualized) * revolving customerrate * annual interest rate charged * days to balance payoff * number ofdeclines (annualized) * compromised account related declines (%) *incorrect compromised account related declines (%)) + (value of salestransaction (annualized) * number of declines (annualized) * compromisedaccount related declines (%) * incorrect compromised account relateddeclines (%) * interchange fee rate) + Revenues Lost Due to DeclinedReferrals Fraud Component (Value of sales transaction (annualized) *revolving customer rate * annual interest rate charged * days to balancepayoff * number of referrals (annualized) * fraud related referrals(%) * fraud related referrals declined (%) * fraud related referralsincorrectly declined (%)) + (value of sales transaction (annualized) *number of referrals (annualized) * fraud related referrals (%) * fraudrelated referrals declined (%) * fraud related referrals incorrectlydeclined (%) * interchange fee rate) + (one of the two calculationsbelow) Compromised Account Component If accounts share common cardnumbers: ((Value of sales transaction (annualized) * revolving customerrate * annual interest rate charged * days to balance payoff * number ofreferrals (annualized) * compromised account related referrals (%) *compromised account related referrals declined (%) * compromised accountrelated referrals incorrectly declined (%)) + (value of salestransaction (annualized) * number of referrals (annualized) *compromised account related referrals (%) * compromised account relatedreferrals declined (%) * compromised account related referralsincorrectly declined (%) * interchange fee rate)) * number ofcards/number of accounts If accounts do not share common card numbers:(Value of sales transaction (annualized) * revolving customer rate *annual interest rate charged * days to balance payoff * number ofreferrals (annualized) * compromised account related referrals (%) *compromised account related referrals declined (%) * compromised accountrelated referrals incorrectly declined (%)) + (value of salestransaction (annualized) * number of referrals (annualized) *compromised account related referrals (%) * compromised account relatedreferrals declined (%) * compromised account related referralsincorrectly declined (%) * interchange fee rate) Customer Revenues lostfrom account usage reduction due to decreased Reluctance customerconfidence as a result of cardholder fraud experience, including fraudand compromised accounts: Fraud Component [(Value of sales transaction −value of sales transaction − fraud victim) * number of fraud casesreported (annualized)] * [(% revolving customers * annual interest ratecharged/365 * days to balance payoff) + interchange fee rate] + (one ofthe two calculations below) Compromised Account Component If accountsshare common card numbers: {[(Value of sales transaction − (value ofsales transaction − compromised account)) * number of compromised casesreported (annualized)] * [(% revolving customers * annual interest ratecharged/365 * days to balance payoff) + interchange fee rate]} * numberof cards/number of accounts If accounts do not share common cardnumbers: [(Value of sales transaction − (value of sales transaction −compromised account)) * number of compromised cases reported(annualized)] * [(% revolving customers * annual interest ratecharged/365 * days to balance payoff) + interchange fee rate]} CardUnavailable Revenues lost due to card replacement period, includingfraud and compromised accounts: Fraud Component [number of transactionsper cardholder (annualized)/365 * days to card replacement * value ofsales transaction * number of fraud cases reported (annualized) * %revolving customers * annual interest rate charged/365 * days to balancepayoff] + [number of transactions per cardholder (annualized)/365 * daysto card replacement * value of sales transaction * number of fraud casesreported (annualized) * interchange fee rate] + (one of the twocalculations below) Compromised Account Component If accounts sharecommon card numbers: number of compromised account cases reported(annualized)/ number of fraud cases reported (annualized) * number ofcards/ number of accounts * Revenues Lost Due to Card Replacement Period(Fraud) If accounts do not share common card numbers: number ofcompromised account cases reported (annualized)/ number of fraud casesreported (annualized) * Revenues Lost Due to Card Replacement Period(Fraud)

Similar to the Issuer Data Allocation 600, the Acquirer Data Allocation700 is organized into the following categories: Fraud Losses 706 whichis Direct Fraud Costs 702, Fraud Operating Cost 710 which is FraudManagement Expense 704 and Opportunity Costs 712. The Fraud OperatingCost 710 category is further broken down to Fraud Prevention, FraudDetection, Fraud Investigation & Recoveries and Other Operational Costssub-categories.

For each category and sub-category, FIGS. 12A and 12B list all of theoutput items that are generated. The definition and formula for eachoutput item is listed in Tables 29-34 below.

TABLE 29 Fraud Losses Acquirer Fraud Losses via Chargebacks Value ofChargebacks Value of Chargebacks from Issuer (annualized) from IssuerValue of Chargeback Value of Fraud-related Merchant Chargebacks(annualized) − Value of Recoveries - Merchant Fraud-relatedRepresentments (annualized) Multiplied by −1 to display as a negativefigure Fraud Insurance Value of Fraud Insurance Recoveries (annualized)Recoveries Multiplied by −1 to display as a negative figure

TABLE 30 Fraud Prevention Staff Analysis Analysis A corresponding valueis displayed on this line number only if input option to reportfully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost of PreventionAnalysts (annualized) * Number of Prevention Analysts Earnings,benefits, and A corresponding value is displayed on this line numberonly if input taxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is notselected. Average cost of earnings, benefits, and taxes for PreventionAnalysts (annualized) * Number of Prevention Analysts Other Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average othercosts for Prevention Analysts (annualized) * Number of PreventionAnalysts PIN Management System Depreciation Depreciation expense of PINManagement Systems (annualized) Licensing Licensing expense of PINManagement Systems (annualized Hardware Hardware expense of PINManagement Systems (annualized) Maintenance Maintenance expense of PINManagement Systems (annualized) IT Staff Staff (FTE) expense of PINManagement Systems (annualized) Other Other expenses of PIN ManagementSystems (annualized) PIN-Based Security Upgrades & Value of PIN-basedsecurity upgrades &enhancements (annualized) Enhancements OverheadRent/Lease If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in acommon facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Preventionactivities * Common facility's rent/lease expense (annualized) If commonfacility's rent/lease expense is reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expense per square foot/meter *size of Prevention facilities in square feet/meters If common facility'srent/lease expense is reported on a per-employee basis: Cost offacility's rent/lease expense per employee * Total number ofstaff/employees in Prevention function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Rent/lease expense ofPrevention facilities (annualized) If Prevention facility's rent/leaseexpense is reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility'srent/lease expense per square foot/meter * size of Prevention facilityin square feet/meters If Prevention facility's rent/lease expense isreported on a per- employee basis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expenseper employee * Total number of staff/employees in Prevention functionComputer If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in acommon Equipment facility: % allocation of the facility's usage toPrevention activities * Common facility's computer equipment expense(annualized) If common facility's computer equipment expense is reportedon a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computer equipmentexpense per square foot/meter * size of Prevention facilities in squarefeet/meters If common facility's computer equipment expense is reportedon a per employee basis: Cost of facility's computer equipment expenseper employee * Total number of staff/employees in Prevention function IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in separatefacilities: Computer equipment expense of Prevention facilities(annualized) If Prevention facility's computer equipment expense isreported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computerequipment expense per square foot/meter * size of Prevention facility insquare feet/meters If Prevention facility's computer equipment expenseis reported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's computerequipment expense per employee * Total number of staff/employees inPrevention function Utilities If Prevention/Detection/Recovery effortsare conducted in a common facility: % allocation of the facility's usageto Prevention activities * Common facility's utilities expense(annualized) If common facility's utilities expense is reported on a persquare foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's utilities expense per squarefoot/meter * size of Prevention facilities in square feet/meters Ifcommon facility's utilities expense is reported on a per-employee basis:Cost of facility's utilities expense per employee * Total number ofstaff/employees in Prevention function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Utilities expense ofPrevention facilities (annualized) If Prevention facility's utilitiesexpense is reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility'sutilities expense per square foot/meter * size of Prevention facility insquare feet/meters If Prevention facility's utilities expense isreported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's utilities expenseper employee * Total number of staff/employees in Prevention functionTelephone If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in acommon facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Preventionactivities * Common facility's telephone expenses (annualized) If commonfacility's telephone expenses are reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter *size of Prevention facilities in square feet/meters If common facility'stelephone expenses are reported on a per employee basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per employee * Total number ofstaff/employees in Prevention function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Telephone expenses ofPrevention facilities (annualized) If Prevention facility's telephoneexpenses are reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter * size of Preventionfacility in square feet/meters If Prevention facility's telephoneexpenses are reported on a per employee basis: Cost of facility'stelephone expenses per employee * Total number of staff/employees inPrevention function Other If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts areconducted in a common facility: % allocation of the facility's usage toPrevention activities * Common facility's other expenses (annualized) Ifcommon facility's other expenses are reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's other expenses per square foot/meter * size ofPrevention facilities in square feet/meters If common facility's otherexpenses are reported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's otherexpenses per employee * Total number of staff/employees in Preventionfunction If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted inseparate facilities: Other expenses of Prevention facilities(annualized) If Prevention facility's other expenses are reported on aper square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's other expenses persquare foot/meter * size of Prevention facility in square feet/meters IfPrevention facility's other expenses are reported on a per-employeebasis: Cost of facility's other expenses per employee * Total number ofstaff/employees in Prevention function

TABLE 31 Fraud Detection Staff Alert Management Alert Management Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost ofAlert Staff (annualized) * Number of Alert Staff Earnings, benefits, Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if input andtaxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Averagecost of earnings, benefits, and taxes for Alert Staff (annualized) *Number of Alert Staff Other A corresponding value is displayed on thisline number only if input option to report fully-loaded staff costs isnot selected. Average other costs for Alert Staff (annualized) * Numberof Alert Staff Administrative Administrative A corresponding value isdisplayed on this line number only if input option to reportfully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost of AdministrativeAssistants (annualized) * Number of Administrative Assistants Earnings,benefits, A corresponding value is displayed on this line number only ifinput and taxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is notselected. Average cost of earnings, benefits, and taxes forAdministrative Assistants (annualized) * Number of AdministrativeAssistants Other A corresponding value is displayed on this line numberonly if input option to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected.Average other costs for Administrative Assistants (annualized) * Numberof Administrative Assistants Chargeback Chargeback A corresponding valueis displayed on this line number only if input option to reportfully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost of DetectionSpecialists (annualized) * Number of Detection Specialists Earnings,benefits, A corresponding value is displayed on this line number only ifinput and taxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is notselected. Average cost of earnings, benefits, and taxes for DetectionSpecialists (annualized) * Number of Detection Specialists Other Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average othercosts for Detection Specialists (annualized) * Number of DetectionSpecialists Supervisory Supervisory A corresponding value is displayedon this line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staffcosts is selected. Average cost of Detection Supervisors (annualized) *Number of Detection Supervisors Earnings, benefits, A correspondingvalue is displayed on this line number only if input and taxes option toreport fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average cost ofearnings, benefits, and taxes for Detection Supervisors (annualized) *Number of Detection Supervisors Other A corresponding value is displayedon this line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staffcosts is not selected. Average other costs for Detection Supervisors(annualized) * Number of Detection Supervisors Management Management Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost ofFraud Managers (annualized) * Number of Fraud Managers Earnings,benefits, A corresponding value is displayed on this line number only ifinput and taxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is notselected. Average cost of earnings, benefits, and taxes for FraudManagers (annualized) * Number of Fraud Managers Other A correspondingvalue is displayed on this line number only if input option to reportfully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average other costs for FraudManagers (annualized) * Number of Fraud Managers Fraud Detection SystemDepreciation Depreciation expense of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) Licensing Licensing expense of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) Hardware Hardware expense of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) Maintenance Maintenance expense of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) IT Staff Staff (FTE) expense of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) Other Other expenses of Fraud Detection Systems(annualized) Fraud Analysis System Depreciation Depreciation expense ofFraud Analysis Systems (annualized) Licensing Licensing expense of FraudAnalysis Systems (annualized) Hardware Hardware expense of FraudAnalysis Systems (annualized) Maintenance Maintenance expense of FraudAnalysis Systems (annualized) IT Staff Staff (FTE) expense of FraudAnalysis Systems (annualized) Other Other expenses of Fraud AnalysisSystems (annualized) Overhead Rent/Lease IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in a commonfacility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Detection activities *Common facility's rent/lease expense (annualized) If common facility'srent/lease expense is reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost offacility's rent/lease expense per square foot/meter * size of Detectionfacilities in square feet/meters If common facility's rent/lease expenseis reported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's rent/leaseexpense per employee * Total number of staff/employees in Detectionfunction If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted inseparate facilities: Rent/lease expense of Detection facilities(annualized) If Prevention facility's rent/lease expense is reported ona per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expense persquare foot/meter * size of Detection facility in square feet/meters IfDetection facility's rent/lease expense is reported on a per-employeebasis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expense per employee * Total numberof staff/employees in Detection function Computer IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in a commonEquipment facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Detectionactivities * Common facility's computer equipment expense (annualized)If common facility's computer equipment expense is reported on a persquare foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computer equipment expenseper square foot/meter * size of Detection facilities in squarefeet/meters If common facility's computer equipment expense is reportedon a per employee basis: Cost of facility's computer equipment expenseper employee * Total number of staff/employees in Detection function IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in separatefacilities: Computer equipment expense of Detection facilities(annualized) If Detection facility's computer equipment expense isreported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computerequipment expense per square foot/meter * size of Detection facility insquare feet/meters If Detection facility's computer equipment expense isreported on a per employee basis: Cost of facility's computer equipmentexpense per employee * Total number of staff/employees in Detectionfunction Utilities If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts areconducted in a common facility: % allocation of the facility's usage toDetection activities * Common facility's utilities expense (annualized)If common facility's utilities expense is reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's utilities expense per squarefoot/meter * size of Detection facilities in square feet/meters Ifcommon facility's utilities expense is reported on a per-employee basis:Cost of facility's utilities expense per employee * Total number ofstaff/employees in Detection function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Utilities expense ofDetection facilities (annualized) If Detection facility's utilitiesexpense is reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility'sutilities expense per square foot/meter * size of Detection facility insquare feet/meters If Detection facility's utilities expense is reportedon a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's utilities expense peremployee * Total number of staff/employees in Detection functionTelephone If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in acommon facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Detectionactivities * Common facility's telephone expenses (annualized) If commonfacility's telephone expenses are reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter *size of Detection facilities in square feet/meters If common facility'stelephone expenses are reported on a per Total employee basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per employee * Total number ofstaff/employees in Detection function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Telephone expenses ofDetection facilities (annualized) If Detection facility's telephoneexpenses are reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter * size of Detectionfacility in square feet/meters If Detection facility's telephoneexpenses are reported on a per employee basis: Cost of facility'stelephone expenses per employee * Total number of staff/employees inDetection function Other If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts areconducted in a common facility: % allocation of the facility's usage toDetection activities * Common facility's other expenses (annualized) Ifcommon facility's other expenses are reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's other expenses per square foot/meter * size ofDetection facilities in square feet/meters If common facility's otherexpenses are reported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's otherexpenses per employee * Total number of staff/employees in Detectionfunction If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted inseparate facilities: Other expenses of Detection facilities (annualized)If Detection facility's other expenses are reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's other expenses per squarefoot/meter * size of Detection facility in square feet/meters IfDetection facility's other expenses are reported on a per-employeebasis: Cost of facility's other expenses per employee * Total number ofstaff/employees in Detection function

TABLE 32 Fraud Investigation &Recoveries Staff AdministrativeAdministrative A corresponding value is displayed on this line numberonly if input option to report fully-loaded staff costs is selected.Average cost of Administrative Assistants (annualized) * Number ofAdministrative Assistants Earnings, benefits, A corresponding value isdisplayed on this line number only if input and taxes option to reportfully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average cost of earnings,benefits, and taxes for Administrative Assistants (annualized) * Numberof Administrative Assistants Other A corresponding value is displayed onthis line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staff costsis not selected. Average other costs for Administrative Assistants(annualized) * Number of Administrative Assistants Chargeback ChargebackA corresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is selected. Average cost ofRecovery Specialists (annualized) * Number of Recovery SpecialistsEarnings, benefits, A corresponding value is displayed on this linenumber only if input and taxes option to report fully-loaded staff costsis not selected. Average cost of earnings, benefits, and taxes forRecovery Specialists (annualized) * Number of Recovery Specialists OtherA corresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputoption to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average othercosts for Recovery Specialists (annualized) * Number of RecoverySpecialists Supervisory Supervisory A corresponding value is displayedon this line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staffcosts is selected. Average cost of Recovery Supervisors (annualized) *Number of Recovery Supervisors Earnings, benefits, A corresponding valueis displayed on this line number only if input and taxes option toreport fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average cost ofearnings, benefits, and taxes for Recovery Supervisors (annualized) *Number of Recovery Supervisors Other A corresponding value is displayedon this line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staffcosts is not selected. Average other costs for Recovery Supervisors(annualized) * Number of Recovery Supervisors Chargeback ManagementSystem Depreciation % of Chargeback Management Systems use attributableto Fraud * Depreciation expense of Chargeback Management Systems(annualized) Licensing % of Chargeback Management Systems useattributable to Fraud * Licensing expense of Chargeback ManagementSystems (annualized) Hardware % of Chargeback Management Systems useattributable to Fraud * Hardware expense of Chargeback ManagementSystems (annualized) Maintenance % of Chargeback Management Systems useattributable to Fraud * Maintenance expense of Chargeback ManagementSystems (annualized) IT Staff % of Chargeback Management Systems useattributable to Fraud * Staff (FTE) expense of Chargeback ManagementSystems (annualized) Other % of Chargeback Management Systems useattributable to Fraud * Other expenses of Chargeback Management Systems(annualized) Overhead Rent/Lease If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in a common facility: % allocation of thefacility's usage to Recovery activities * Common facility's rent/leaseexpense (annualized) If common facility's rent/lease expense is reportedon a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expenseper square foot/meter * size of Recovery facilities in squarefeet/meters If common facility's rent/lease expense is reported on aper- employee basis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expense peremployee * Total number of staff/employees in Recovery function IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in separatefacilities: Rent/lease expense of Recovery facilities (annualized) IfRecovery facility's rent/lease expense is reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's rent/lease expense per squarefoot/meter * size of Recovery facility in square feet/meters If Recoveryfacility's rent/lease expense is reported on a per- employee basis: Costof facility's rent/lease expense per employee * Total number ofstaff/employees in Recovery function Computer IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in a commonEquipment facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Recoveryactivities * Common facility's computer equipment expense (annualized)If common facility's computer equipment expense is reported on a persquare foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computer equipment expenseper square foot/meter * size of Recovery facilities in squarefeet/meters If common facility's computer equipment expense is reportedon a per employee basis: Cost of facility's computer equipment expenseper employee * Total number of staff/employees in Recovery function IfPrevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in separatefacilities: Computer equipment expense of Recovery facilities(annualized) If Recovery facility's computer equipment expense isreported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility's computerequipment expense per square foot/meter * size of Recovery facility insquare feet/meters If Recovery facility's computer equipment expense isreported on a per employee basis: Cost of facility's computer equipmentexpense per employee * Total number of staff/employees in Recoveryfunction Utilities If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts areconducted in a common facility: % allocation of the facility's usage toRecovery activities * Common facility's utilities expense (annualized)If common facility's utilities expense is reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's utilities expense per squarefoot/meter * size of Recovery facilities in square feet/meters If commonfacility's utilities expense is reported on a per-employee basis: Costof facility's utilities expense per employee * Total number ofstaff/employees in Recovery function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Utilities expense ofRecovery facilities (annualized) If Recovery facility's utilitiesexpense is reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost of facility'sutilities expense per square foot/meter * size of Recovery facility insquare feet/meters If Recovery facility's utilities expense is reportedon a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's utilities expense peremployee * Total number of staff/employees in Recovery functionTelephone If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted in acommon facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Recoveryactivities * Common facility's telephone expenses (annualized) If commonfacility's telephone expenses are reported on a per square foot/meterbasis: Cost of facility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter *size of Recovery facilities in square feet/meters If common facility'stelephone expenses are reported on a per employee basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per employee * Total number ofstaff/employees in Recovery function If Prevention/Detection/Recoveryefforts are conducted in separate facilities: Telephone expenses ofRecovery facilities (annualized) If Recovery facility's telephoneexpenses are reported on a per square foot/meter basis: Cost offacility's telephone expenses per square foot/meter * size of Recoveryfacility in square feet/meters If Recovery facility's telephone expensesare reported on a per employee basis: Cost of facility's telephoneexpenses per employee * Total number of staff/employees in Recoveryfunction Other If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted ina common facility: % allocation of the facility's usage to Recoveryactivities * Common facility's other expenses (annualized) If commonfacility's other expenses are reported on a per square foot/meter basis:Cost of facility's other expenses per square foot/meter * size ofRecovery facilities in square feet/meters If common facility's otherexpenses are reported on a per-employee basis: Cost of facility's otherexpenses per employee * Total number of staff/employees in Recoveryfunction If Prevention/Detection/Recovery efforts are conducted inseparate facilities: Other expenses of Recovery facilities (annualized)If Recovery facility's other expenses are reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Cost of facility's other expenses per squarefoot/meter * size of Recovery facility in square feet/meters If Recoveryfacility's other expenses are reported on a per-employee basis: Cost offacility's other expenses per employee * Total number of staff/employeesin Recovery function Legal Fees Fraud-Related Legal Fees Value of Legalfees related to Fraud Operations (annualized) Fraud Insurance FraudInsurance Value of Fraud insurance premiums (annualized) PremiumsOther/Miscellaneous Fraud Expenses Other Fraud Losses Other known costsof direct fraud operations (annualized)

TABLE 33 Other Operational Costs Customer Service Inbound Fraud-relatedCustomer [(Call received cost) Inbound] * number of inquiries per fraudcase * Inquiries number of fraud cases reported (annualized) OutboundCable-Based Calls to [(Call cost − cable) Outbound] * number of callsper fraud case − cable * Support Fraud Cases number of fraud casesreported (annualized) Mobile-Based Calls to [(Call cost − mobile)Outbound] * number of calls per fraud case − Support Fraud Casesmobile * number of fraud cases reported (annualized) ComplianceInformation Security Value of technology investments (annualized) +compliance audit costs (annualized) + scan costs (annualized) Fines&Penalties Value of fines &penalties (annualized) Other Other compliancecosts (annualized) Training Fraud-Related Training Fraud-relatedtraining costs (annualized) Bankcard Processing Authorization &[Authorization fee per transaction * number of incorrect fraud-relatedSettlement declines (annualized)] + [Settlement fee per transaction *number of incorrect fraud-related declines (annualized)] Other Value offraud-related processing fees (annualized) Operating Expenses PostalPostal/delivery expenses − except those related to card replacements −related to Fraud Operations (annualized) Copy/Fax/PrintCopying/faxing/printing expenses related to Fraud Operations(annualized) Office Supplies Office supply expenses related to FraudOperations (annualized) Other Telephone operating expenses related toFraud Operations (annualized)

TABLE 34 Opportunity Costs Lost Profits Lost Profits Lost Revenue *Profit Margin Lost Revenue Incorrect Declines + Other Opportunity CostsLost Revenue Incorrect Declines Revenues lost from authorizationdeclines due to established parameters that incorrectly decline forfraud-based policies or referrals. Number of incorrect fraud relateddeclines (annualized) * (merchant sales volume (annualized)/number oftransactions (annualized)) * (merchant discount rate − interchange rate)Other Fraud-related opportunity costs (annualized) Opportunity Costs

Similar to the Issuer and Acquirer Data Allocations (600, 700), theMerchant Data Allocation 800 is organized into the following categories:Fraud Loss 806 which is Direct Fraud Cost 802, Fraud Operating Cost 810which is Fraud Management Expense 804, and Opportunity Costs 812. TheFraud Operating Cost 810 is further broken down to Fraud Loss Preventionand Other Operational Costs sub-categories.

For each category and sub-category, FIG. 13 lists all of the outputitems that are generated. The definition and formula for each outputitem is listed in Tables 35-38 below.

TABLE 35 Fraud Losses Merchant Fraud Losses Value of Chargebacks Numberof Fraud-related Chargebacks (annualized) * Value of Fraud-relatedChargeback Value of Fraud Claims Value of Fraud Claims Directly CreditedDirectly Credited (annualized) Value of Fraud Value of Fraud InsuranceRecoveries (annualized) Insurance Recoveries

TABLE 36 Fraud Loss Prevention Staff Analysis - Loss PreventionAnalysis - Loss A corresponding value is displayed on this line numberonly if input Prevention option to report fully-loaded staff costs isselected. Average cost of Loss Prevention Analysis Staff (annualized) *Number of Loss Prevention Analysts * Percentage of Loss Preventionaccounted for through Fraud Operations Earnings, benefits, Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if input andtaxes option to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Averagecost of Loss Prevention Analysis Staff (annualized) * Number of LossPrevention Analysts * Percentage of Loss Prevention accounted forthrough Fraud Operations Other A corresponding value is displayed onthis line number only if input option to report fully-loaded staff costsis not selected. Average other costs for Loss Prevention Analysis Staff(annualized) * Number of Loss Prevention Analysts * Percentage of LossPrevention accounted for through Fraud Operations Analysis - CopyRequest Analysis - Copy A corresponding value is displayed on this linenumber only if input Request option to report fully-loaded staff costsis selected. Average cost of Copy Request Analysis Staff (annualized) *Number of Copy Request Analysts Earnings, benefits, A correspondingvalue is displayed on this line number only if input and taxes option toreport fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average cost of CopyRequest Analysis Staff (annualized) * Number of Copy Request AnalystsOther A corresponding value is displayed on this line number only ifinput option to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Averageother costs for Copy Request Analysis Staff (annualized) * Number ofCopy Request Analysts Management - Loss Prevention Management - Loss Acorresponding value is displayed on this line number only if inputPrevention option to report fully-loaded staff costs is selected.Average cost of Loss Prevention Management Staff (annualized) * Numberof Loss Prevention Managers * Percentage of Loss Prevention accountedfor through Fraud Operations Earnings, benefits, A corresponding valueis displayed on this line number only if input and taxes option toreport fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average cost of LossPrevention Management Staff (annualized) * Number of Loss PreventionManagers * Percentage of Loss Prevention accounted for through FraudOperations Other A corresponding value is displayed on this line numberonly if input option to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected.Average other costs for Loss Prevention Management Staff (annualized) *Number of Loss Prevention Managers * Percentage of Loss Preventionaccounted for through Fraud Operations Management - Copy RequestManagement - A corresponding value is displayed on this line number onlyif input Copy Request option to report fully-loaded staff costs isselected. Average cost of Copy Request Management Staff (annualized) *Number of Copy Request Managers Earnings, benefits, A correspondingvalue is displayed on this line number only if input and taxes option toreport fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Average cost of CopyRequest Management Staff (annualized) * Number of Copy Request ManagersOther A corresponding value is displayed on this line number only ifinput option to report fully-loaded staff costs is not selected. Averageother costs for Copy Request Management Staff (annualized) * Number ofCopy Request Managers Systems &Services In-House DepreciationDepreciation expense of Payer Authentication system (annualized) +Depreciation expense of Dispute Management system (annualized) +Depreciation expense of Other systems (annualized) Licensing Licensingexpense of Payer Authentication system (annualized) + Licensing expenseof Dispute Management system (annualized) + Licensing expense of Othersystems (annualized) Hardware Hardware expense of Payer Authenticationsystem (annualized) + Hardware expense of Dispute Management system(annualized) + Hardware expense of Other systems (annualized)Maintenance Maintenance expense of Payer Authentication system(annualized) + Maintenance expense of Dispute Management system(annualized) + Maintenance expense of Other systems (annualized) ITStaff Staff (FTE) expense of Payer Authentication system (annualized) +Staff (FTE) expense of Dispute Management system (annualized) + Staff(FTE) expense of Other systems (annualized) Transaction Fees Transactionfee expense of Payer Authentication system (annualized) + Transactionfee expense of Dispute Management system (annualized) + Transaction feeexpense of Other systems (annualized) Other Other expense of PayerAuthentication system (annualized) + Other expense of Dispute Managementsystem (annualized) + Other expense of Other systems (annualized)Outsourced Licensing Licensing expense of Address Verification system(annualized) + Licensing expense of Card Verification system(annualized) Hardware Hardware expense of Address Verification system(annualized) + Hardware expense of Card Verification system (annualized)Maintenance Maintenance expense of Address Verification system(annualized) + Maintenance expense of Card Verification system(annualized) Transaction Fees Transaction fee expense of AddressVerification system (annualized) + Transaction fee expense of CardVerification system (annualized) Managed Fraud Cost of externallymanaged fraud screens, negative lists, or other Preventionprevention/detection services (annualized) External Models Cost ofexternally managed behavioral/decision models (annualized) Other Otherexpense of Address Verification (annualized) + Other expense of CardVerification system (annualized) Overhead Rent/Lease Rent/lease expenseof facility (annualized) * Percentage of facility occupied by LossPrevention * Percentage of Loss Prevention accounted for through FraudOperations If rent/lease expense of facility is reported on a per squarefoot/meter basis: Rent/lease expense of facility per square foot/meter(annualized) * Facility size in square feet/meters * Percentage offacility occupied by Loss Prevention * Percentage of Loss Preventionaccounted for through Fraud Operations If rent/lease expense of facilityis reported on a per-employee basis: Rent/lease expense of facility peremployee (annualized) * [(total number of FTE Loss Prevention staff *Percentage of facility occupied by Loss Prevention) + (total number ofFTE Copy Request staff)] * Percentage of Loss Prevention accounted forthrough Fraud Operations Computer Equipment Computer equipment expenseof facility (annualized) * Percentage of facility occupied by LossPrevention * Percentage of Loss Prevention accounted for through FraudOperations If computer equipment expense of facility is reported on aper square foot/meter basis: Computer equipment expense of facility persquare foot/meter (annualized) * Facility size in square feet/meters *Percentage of facility occupied by Loss Prevention * Percentage of LossPrevention accounted for through Fraud Operations If computer equipmentexpense of facility is reported on a per- employee basis: Computerequipment expense of facility per employee (annualized) * [(total numberof FTE Loss Prevention staff * Percentage of facility occupied by LossPrevention) + (total number of FTE Copy Request staff)] * Percentage ofLoss Prevention accounted for through Fraud Operations UtilitiesUtilities expense of facility (annualized) * Percentage of facilityoccupied by Loss Prevention * Percentage of Loss Prevention accountedfor through Fraud Operations If utilities expense of facility isreported on a per square foot/meter basis: Utilities expense of facilityper square foot/meter (annualized) * Facility size in squarefeet/meters * Percentage of facility occupied by Loss Prevention *Percentage of Loss Prevention accounted for through Fraud Operations Ifutilities expense of facility is reported on a per-employee basis:Utilities expense of facility per employee (annualized) * [(total numberof FTE Loss Prevention staff * Percentage of facility occupied by LossPrevention) + (total number of FTE Copy Request staff)] * Percentage ofLoss Prevention accounted for through Fraud Operations TelephoneTelephone expense of facility (annualized) * Percentage of facilityoccupied by Loss Prevention * Percentage of Loss Prevention accountedfor through Fraud Operations If telephone expense of facility isreported on a per square foot/meter basis: Telephone expense of facilityper square foot/meter (annualized) * Facility size in squarefeet/meters * Percentage of facility occupied by Loss Prevention *Percentage of Loss Prevention accounted for through Fraud Operations Iftelephone expense of facility is reported on a per-employee basis:Telephone expense of facility per employee (annualized) * [(total numberof FTE Loss Prevention staff * Percentage of facility occupied by LossPrevention) + (total number of FTE Copy Request staff)] * Percentage ofLoss Prevention accounted for through Fraud Operations Other Otherexpense of facility (annualized) * Percentage of facility occupied byLoss Prevention * Percentage of Loss Prevention accounted for throughFraud Operations If other expense of facility is reported on a persquare foot/meter basis: Other expense of facility per square foot/meter(annualized) * Facility size in square feet/meters * Percentage offacility occupied by Loss Prevention * Percentage of Loss Preventionaccounted for through Fraud Operations If other expense of facility isreported on a per- employee basis: Other expense of facility peremployee (annualized) * [(total number of FTE Loss Prevention staff *Percentage of facility occupied by Loss Prevention) + (total number ofFTE Copy Request staff)] * Percentage of Loss Prevention accounted forthrough Fraud Operations Misc. Fraud Miscellaneous Loss Prevention costs(annualized) * Percentage of Management Loss Prevention accounted forthrough Fraud Operations Legal Fees Fraud-Related Legal Value of Legalfees related to Fraud Operations (annualized) Fees Fraud Insurance FraudInsurance Value of Fraud insurance premiums (annualized) PremiumsOther/Miscellaneous Fraud Expenses Other Fraud Losses Other known costsof direct fraud operations annualized

TABLE 37 Other Operational Costs Customer Service Inbound Fraud-relatedCustomer [(Call received cost) Inbound] * number of inquiries perfraud-related Inquiries dispute * number of disputes (annualized) *fraud-related disputes (%) Outbound Cable-Based Calls to [(Call cost −cable) Outbound] * number of calls per fraud-related Support FraudDisputes dispute − cable * number of disputes (annualized) *fraud-related disputes (%) Mobile-Based Calls to [(Call cost − mobile)Outbound] * number of calls per fraud-related Support Fraud Disputesdispute − mobile * number of disputes (annualized) * fraud-relateddisputes (%) Compliance Information Security Value of technologyinvestments (annualized) + compliance audit costs(annualized) + scancosts (annualized) Fines &Penalties Value of fines &penalties(annualized) Other Other compliance costs (annualized) TrainingFraud-Related Training Fraud-related training costs (annualized)Operating Expenses Postal Postal/delivery expenses related to LossPrevention activities (annualized) * Percentage of Loss Preventionaccounted for through Fraud Operations Copy/Fax/PrintCopying/faxing/printing expenses related to Loss Prevention activities(annualized) * Percentage of Loss Prevention accounted for through FraudOperations Office Supplies Office supply expenses related to LossPrevention activities (annualized) * Percentage of Loss Preventionaccounted for through Fraud Operations Other Telephone operatingexpenses related to Loss Prevention activities (annualized) * Percentageof Loss Prevention accounted for through Fraud Operations

TABLE 38 Opportunity Costs Lost Profits Lost Profits Lost Revenue *Profit Margin Lost Revenue Incorrect Declines + Other Opportunity CostsLost Revenue Incorrect Declines Revenues lost from authorizationdeclines due to established parameters that incorrectly decline forfraud-based policies or referrals. [(Value of incorrect declines(annualized)) ISSUER] + [(Value of incorrect declines (annualized))MERCHANT] Other Opportunity Fraud-related opportunity costs (annualized)Costs

The above data allocations (relating to fraud loss for issuer, acquirer,and merchant) enable each processing entity to better understand theeconomic impact of fraud. In addition, if the entities (issuer,acquirer, and merchant) wish to gain insight into the overallindustry-wide impact of fraud loss, the present invention facilitatesmany comparative analysis for benchmarking (or peer performancebenchmarking) among the participating entities. Prior to the presentinvention, because entities do not perform the same set of activitiesfor all their clients, nor define their data in a consistent manner, itwas difficult to match expenses with appropriate activity for differententities (e.g., the difference of fraud management expense as defined bya merchant and by an issuer).

The Performance Measures reports (FIGS. 14A-14F) of the presentinvention illustrate examples of consistent and comparable metricsapplied across different functions of participating processing entities.As can be seen, various different Performance Measures such as “TotalFraud Cost per Unit”, “Total Fraud Cost to Total Volume”, and“Opportunity Cost per Unit” among others are derived by differentformulas from the data allocations of FIGS. 11A-13 and inputs of FIGS.7A-7F. For example, the “Opportunity Cost per Unit” is derived fromdividing Opportunity Cost by number of Units. For an issuer, this unitis related to credit card accounts, while for an acquirer, this unit isrelated to the portfolio of merchants that deals with the acquirer.Because comparative metrics is used, the Performance Measures canprovide a more meaningful analysis to different entities.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example Total Cost of Fraud report showing theallocated costs for the various components of the total cost of fraudaggregated from the Total Cost of Fraud Summary for issuer, acquirer,and merchant. The report shows actual allocated dollar values of Cost ofFraud such as Opportunity Costs for each entity as well as the totalcost of fraud for all participating entities ($12,097,623.96). Becausecomparative metrics is used, the present invention generates a trueTotal Cost of Fraud report for the entities inclusive of the merchant,acquirer, and issuer.

FIG. 16 graphically illustrates different components of the Total Costof Fraud. The report shows each cost component as a percentage of thetotal cost of fraud. The report shows that the cost of fraud includingcredit losses from first party fraud, merchant fraud losses, acquirerfraud losses, issuer fraud losses, and the opportunity costs compriseonly a small portion of the total cost of fraud. As can be appreciatedby persons of ordinary skill in the art, the operating cost of theissuer, acquirer, and the merchant makes up 86% of the total cost offraud. Thus, the present invention illustrates that the direct fraudloss is only a minor component of the total cost of fraud.

In an alternative embodiment, the assessment module 34 receives inputs(see FIGS. 7A-7F) from multiple issuers, merchants and acquirers andprovides an industry-wide reference cost of fraud data which is anaggregated cost of fraud data for use by the individual entities for useas benchmark data.

In the embodiment shown, the input form 11 is a single electronicspreadsheet containing a defined set of input requirements which iscommon to all business entities including issuers, acquirers andmerchants. Specifically, the input requirement set for an issuer iscommon to all issuers providing data, the input requirement set for anacquirer is common to all acquirers, and the input requirement set for amerchant is common to all merchants. Alternatively, three separatespreadsheets containing commonly defined set of input requirements forissuers, acquires and merchants, respectively may be provided.

In yet another embodiment, instead of distributing the spreadsheets toparticipating business entities (stakeholders), the business entitiesthemselves may access the fraud assessment module 34 through theInternet to enter the input data. The fraud assessment moduledetermines, based on an aggregation of the received data, the referencecost of fraud data including direct fraud loss, fraud management expense(fraud operating cost) and opportunity cost.

The reference cost of fraud data include aggregated performance measuresthat are identical to those in FIGS. 14A-14F and reference total cost offraud breakdown report in FIG. 15 except that the they representindustry wide averages of aggregated data, rather than for a particularbusiness entity. Calculation of the aggregated performance measures datafor issuers involves aggregating input values and/or allocated valuesfor all issuers. For example, for the performance measure entitled“Issuer Total Fraud Cost per Account” (see FIG. 14A), the allocatedvalues “Net Fraud Losses+Fraud Management Expense+Opportunity Costs” forall issuers are added together and divided by the total “Number ofAccounts” for all issuers. Similar calculations of the aggregatedperformance measures for acquirers and merchants are made (see FIGS.14C-14F).

Calculation of the aggregated reference total cost of fraud breakdownfor issuers involves aggregating allocated values for all issuersincluding aggregation of fraud loss, fraud management expense, andopportunity cost. For example, the assessment module adds the allocatedvalues for “Fraud Prevention” (see FIG. 17) for all issuers($463,244,000.05) and calculates the percentage of the added value as aportion (8.76%) of the total cost of fraud for all issuers($5,295,265,000.29). This means that an issuer spends an average of8.76% of the total cost of fraud as management expense for fraudprevention. As another example, FIG. 17 shows that an acquirer spends anaverage of 78.07% of the total cost of fraud as fraud management expense(fraud operating cost). Similar calculations of the reference cost offraud data are shown in FIG. 17.

Illustrated at the bottom of FIG. 17 are calculations of the referencetotal cost of fraud data for all business entities inclusive of issuers,acquirers, and merchants. The reference data include direct fraud lossesfrom merchants, direct fraud losses from acquirers, direct fraud lossesfrom issuers, first party losses from issuers, fraud operating costsfrom all business entities, opportunity costs for all business entitiesand the total cost of fraud for all entities. The reference data alsoinclude percentages of the data items as a function of the total cost offraud for all entities. For example, FIG. 17 shows that the averageopportunity cost for a business entity is 1.84% of the total cost offraud for all entities.

The reference cost of fraud data as shown in FIG. 17 for all businessentities inclusive of issuers, acquirers, and merchants serve asbenchmark data for each participating entity.

Each business entity can use the reference data to compare against itsown fraud related data and thereby make more intelligent decisions. Forexample, if the reference data provides that the average cost for frauddetection for an issuer is 17.27% of the total cost of fraud and averageissuer fraud loss is 1.59% as shown in FIG. 17 while the particularissuer's own cost for fraud detection is only 5% and the direct issuerfraud loss is 17%, that issuer now knows that it is spending much lesson fraud detection than the industry average which may be the cause forthe higher than average direct fraud loss of 17%. This is very usefulinformation as the issuer may be able to save money by marginallyincreasing the fraud detection expense to substantially reduce thedirect fraud loss.

The reference cost of fraud data can be made even more useful byaggregating the cost of fraud data by industry groups or relatedindustries. For example, the assessment module may aggregate data frommerchants in the travel industry only and provide the reference data forthat industry.

The foregoing specific embodiments represent just some of the ways ofpracticing the present invention. Many other embodiments are possiblewithin the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of theinvention is not limited to the foregoing specification, but instead isgiven by the appended claims along with their full range of equivalents.

1. A system for analyzing financial data to determine the cost of fraudrelated to financial presentation devices that are presentable toproviders of goods or services, the system comprising: a processor; afraud assessment module executable by the processor, the fraudassessment module operable to: receive sales data and operating costdata both related to financial presentation devices; determine, based onthe received sales data and cost data, a direct fraud loss and fraudoperating cost; and generate a report based on the determination.
 2. Thesystem according to claim 1, wherein the fraud assessment moduledetermines an opportunity cost representing lost revenue opportunitiesas a result of fraud-related activities.
 3. The system according toclaim 2, wherein the fraud assessment module allocates to theopportunity cost a revenue loss due to incorrect declines of thefinancial presentation devices.
 4. The system according to claim 2,wherein the fraud assessment module allocates to the opportunity cost: arevenue loss due to incorrect declines of the financial presentationdevices; and a revenue loss due to decreased user confidence as a resultof fraud related to the financial presentation devices of the users. 5.The system according to claim 2, wherein the fraud assessment moduleallocates to the opportunity cost a revenue loss associated withcompromised accounts.
 6. The system according to claim 2, wherein thefraud assessment module allocates to the opportunity cost a revenue lossduring the replacement period of the financial presentation devices. 7.The system according to claim 1, wherein the fraud assessment moduledetermines a first party fraud loss as part of the direct fraud loss,the first party fraud loss representing losses attributed tomisrepresentation of usage by authorized holders of the financialpresentation devices.
 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein thefraud operating cost includes operating expenses associated withactivities of prevention, detection, investigation and recovery of fraudloss associated with the financial presentation devices.
 9. The systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the fraud assessment module: receivessales data and operating costs data both related to financialpresentation devices from an issuer and an acquirer; and generates inthe report a total fraud cost that includes both the fraud operatingcost attributable to the issuer and fraud operating cost attributable tothe acquirer.
 10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the fraudassessment module is adapted to receive cost data related to informationtechnology system, which is attributable to fraud operations.
 11. Thesystem according to claim 1, wherein the fraud assessment module isadapted to receive cost data related to received telephone calls, whichis attributable to inquiries related to fraud.
 12. The system accordingto claim 1, wherein the fraud assessment module is adapted to receivecost data related to outbound telephone calls to users of the financialpresentation devices, which is attributable to inquiries related tofraud.
 13. The system according to claim 1, wherein the fraud assessmentmodule is adapted to receive cost data related to replacement of thefinancial presentation devices, which is attributable to fraud.
 14. Asystem for analyzing financial data to determine the cost of fraudrelated to financial presentation devices that are presentable toproviders of goods or services, the system comprising: a processor; afraud assessment module executable by the processor, the fraudassessment module operable to: receive financial data related tofinancial presentation devices; determine, based on the received data, afraud operating cost and an opportunity cost, wherein: the fraudoperating cost includes operating expenses associated with activities ofprevention, detection, investigation and recovery of fraud lossassociated with the financial presentation devices; and the opportunitycost is associated with lost revenue opportunities as a result offraud-related activities; and generate a report based on thedetermination.
 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the fraudassessment module allocates to the opportunity cost: a revenue loss dueto incorrect declines of the financial presentation devices; a revenueloss due to decreased user confidence as a result of fraud related tothe financial presentation devices of the users;
 16. The systemaccording to claim 14, wherein the fraud assessment module allocates tothe opportunity cost: a revenue loss associated with compromisedaccounts; and a revenue loss during the replacement period of thefinancial presentation devices.
 17. The system according to claim 14,wherein the fraud assessment module determines, based on the receiveddata, a first party fraud loss representing losses attributed tomisrepresentation of usage by authorized holders of the financialpresentation devices.
 18. The system according to claim 14, wherein thefraud assessment module is adapted to receive one or more of thefollowing: cost data related to information technology system, which isattributable to fraud operations; cost data related to receivedtelephone calls, which is attributable to inquiries related to fraud;cost data related to outbound telephone calls to users of the financialpresentation devices, which is attributable to inquiries related tofraud; cost data related to replacement of the financial presentationdevices, which is attributable to fraud.
 19. A method for analyzingfinancial data to determine the cost of fraud related to financialpresentation devices that are presentable to providers of goods orservices, the method comprising: receiving sales data and operating costdata both related to financial presentation devices; determining, basedon the received sales data and cost data, a direct fraud loss and fraudoperating cost; and generating a report based on the determination. 20.The method according to claim 19, wherein the step of determiningincludes determining an opportunity cost representing lost revenueopportunities as a result of fraud-related activities.
 21. The methodaccording to claim 20, wherein the step of determining an opportunitycost includes allocating to the opportunity cost a revenue loss due toincorrect declines of the financial presentation devices.
 22. The methodaccording to claim 20, wherein the step of determining an opportunitycost includes allocating to the opportunity cost: a revenue loss due toincorrect declines of the financial presentation devices; and a revenueloss due to decreased user confidence as a result of fraud related tothe financial presentation devices of the users.
 23. The methodaccording to claim 20, wherein the step of determining an opportunitycost includes allocating to the opportunity cost a revenue lossassociated with compromised accounts.
 24. The method according to claim20, wherein the step of determining an opportunity cost includesallocating to the opportunity cost a revenue loss during the replacementperiod of the financial presentation devices.
 25. The method accordingto claim 19, wherein the step of determining includes determining afirst party fraud loss representing losses attributed tomisrepresentation of usage by authorized holders of the financialpresentation devices.
 26. The method according to claim 19, wherein thefraud operating cost includes operating expenses associated withactivities of prevention, detection, investigation and recovery of fraudloss associated with the financial presentation devices.
 27. The methodaccording to claim 19, wherein: the step of receiving includes receivingsales data and operating costs data both related to financialpresentation devices from an issuer and an acquirer; and the step ofgenerating includes generating in the report a total fraud cost thatincludes both the fraud operating cost attributable to the issuer andfraud operating cost attributable to the acquirer.
 28. The methodaccording to claim 19, wherein the step of receiving includes receivingcost data related to information technology system, which isattributable to fraud operations.
 29. The method according to claim 19,wherein the step of receiving includes receiving cost data related toreceived telephone calls, which is attributable to inquiries related tofraud.
 30. The method according to claim 19, wherein the step ofreceiving includes receiving cost data related to outbound telephonecalls to users of the financial presentation devices, which isattributable to inquiries related to fraud.
 31. The method according toclaim 19, wherein the step of receiving includes receiving cost datarelated to replacement of the financial presentation devices, which isattributable to fraud.